Cargando…

Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disorders

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and frontotemporal dementias (FTD), are considered distinct entities, however, there is increasing evidence of an overlap from the clinical, pathological and genetic points of view. All neurodegenerative diseases...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Grasso, Margherita, Piscopo, Paola, Confaloni, Annamaria, Denti, Michela A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6271879/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24858274
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules19056891
_version_ 1783377029119344640
author Grasso, Margherita
Piscopo, Paola
Confaloni, Annamaria
Denti, Michela A.
author_facet Grasso, Margherita
Piscopo, Paola
Confaloni, Annamaria
Denti, Michela A.
author_sort Grasso, Margherita
collection PubMed
description Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and frontotemporal dementias (FTD), are considered distinct entities, however, there is increasing evidence of an overlap from the clinical, pathological and genetic points of view. All neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by neuronal loss and death in specific areas of the brain, for example, hippocampus and cortex for AD, midbrain for PD, frontal and temporal lobes for FTD. Loss of neurons is a relatively late event in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases that is typically preceded by other events such as metabolic changes, synaptic dysfunction and loss, neurite retraction, and the appearance of other abnormalities, such as axonal transport defects. The brain’s ability to compensate for these dysfunctions occurs over a long period of time and results in late clinical manifestation of symptoms, when successful pharmacological intervention is no longer feasible. Currently, diagnosis of AD, PD and different forms of dementia is based primarily on analysis of the patient’s cognitive function. It is therefore important to find non-invasive diagnostic methods useful to detect neurodegenerative diseases during early, preferably asymptomatic stages, when a pharmacological intervention is still possible. Altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in many disease states, including neurodegeneration, and increasing relevance of miRNAs in biofluids in different pathologies has prompted the study of their possible application as neurodegenerative diseases biomarkers in order to identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we review what is known about the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and the possibilities and challenges of using these small RNA molecules as a signature for neurodegenerative conditions.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6271879
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2014
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-62718792018-12-21 Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disorders Grasso, Margherita Piscopo, Paola Confaloni, Annamaria Denti, Michela A. Molecules Review Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and frontotemporal dementias (FTD), are considered distinct entities, however, there is increasing evidence of an overlap from the clinical, pathological and genetic points of view. All neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by neuronal loss and death in specific areas of the brain, for example, hippocampus and cortex for AD, midbrain for PD, frontal and temporal lobes for FTD. Loss of neurons is a relatively late event in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases that is typically preceded by other events such as metabolic changes, synaptic dysfunction and loss, neurite retraction, and the appearance of other abnormalities, such as axonal transport defects. The brain’s ability to compensate for these dysfunctions occurs over a long period of time and results in late clinical manifestation of symptoms, when successful pharmacological intervention is no longer feasible. Currently, diagnosis of AD, PD and different forms of dementia is based primarily on analysis of the patient’s cognitive function. It is therefore important to find non-invasive diagnostic methods useful to detect neurodegenerative diseases during early, preferably asymptomatic stages, when a pharmacological intervention is still possible. Altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in many disease states, including neurodegeneration, and increasing relevance of miRNAs in biofluids in different pathologies has prompted the study of their possible application as neurodegenerative diseases biomarkers in order to identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we review what is known about the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and the possibilities and challenges of using these small RNA molecules as a signature for neurodegenerative conditions. MDPI 2014-05-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6271879/ /pubmed/24858274 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules19056891 Text en © 2014 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Grasso, Margherita
Piscopo, Paola
Confaloni, Annamaria
Denti, Michela A.
Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disorders
title Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disorders
title_full Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disorders
title_fullStr Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disorders
title_full_unstemmed Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disorders
title_short Circulating miRNAs as Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Disorders
title_sort circulating mirnas as biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6271879/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24858274
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules19056891
work_keys_str_mv AT grassomargherita circulatingmirnasasbiomarkersforneurodegenerativedisorders
AT piscopopaola circulatingmirnasasbiomarkersforneurodegenerativedisorders
AT confaloniannamaria circulatingmirnasasbiomarkersforneurodegenerativedisorders
AT dentimichelaa circulatingmirnasasbiomarkersforneurodegenerativedisorders