Potential Amoebicidal Activity of Hydrazone Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, Electrochemical Behavior, Theoretical Study and Evaluation of the Biological Activity

Four new hydrazones were synthesized by the condensation of the selected hydrazine and the appropriate nitrobenzaldehyde. A complete characterization was done employing (1)H- and (13)C-NMR, electrochemical techniques and theoretical studies. After the characterization and electrochemical analysis of each compound, amoebicidal activity was tested in vitro against the HM1:IMSS strain of Entamoeba histolytica. The results showed the influence of the nitrobenzene group and the hydrazone linkage on the amoebicidal activity. meta-Nitro substituted compound 2 presents a promising amoebicidal activity with an IC(50) = 0.84 μM, which represents a 7-fold increase in cell growth inhibition potency with respect to metronidazole (IC(50) = 6.3 μM). Compounds 1, 3, and 4 show decreased amoebicidal activity, with IC(50) values of 7, 75 and 23 µM, respectively, as a function of the nitro group position on the aromatic ring. The observed differences in the biological activity could be explained not only by the redox potential of the molecules, but also by their capacity to participate in the formation of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Redox potentials as well as the amoebicidal activity can be described with parameters obtained from the DFT analysis.