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Ultrahigh Pressure Processing Produces Alterations in the Metabolite Profiles of Panax ginseng
Ultrahigh pressure (UHP) treatments are non-thermal processing methods that have customarily been employed to enhance the quality and productivity of plant consumables. We aimed to evaluate the effects of UHP treatments on ginseng samples (white ginseng: WG; UHP-treated WG: UWG; red ginseng: RG; UHP...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2016
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6273588/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27338333 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules21060816 |
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author | Lee, Mee Youn Singh, Digar Kim, Sung Han Lee, Sang Jun Lee, Choong Hwan |
author_facet | Lee, Mee Youn Singh, Digar Kim, Sung Han Lee, Sang Jun Lee, Choong Hwan |
author_sort | Lee, Mee Youn |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ultrahigh pressure (UHP) treatments are non-thermal processing methods that have customarily been employed to enhance the quality and productivity of plant consumables. We aimed to evaluate the effects of UHP treatments on ginseng samples (white ginseng: WG; UHP-treated WG: UWG; red ginseng: RG; UHP-treated RG: URG; ginseng berries: GB; and UHP-treated GB: UGB) using metabolite profiling based on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-linear trap quadrupole-ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-IT-MS/MS) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). Multivariate data analyses revealed a clear demarcation among the GB and UGB samples, and the phenotypic evaluations correlated the highest antioxidant activities and the total phenolic and flavonoid compositions with the UGB samples. Overall, eight amino acids, seven organic acids, seven sugars and sugar derivatives, two fatty acids, three notoginsenosides, three malonylginsenosides, and three ginsenosides, were identified as significantly discriminant metabolites between the GB and UGB samples, with relatively higher proportions in the latter. Ideally, these metabolites can be used as quality biomarkers for the assessment of ginseng products and our results indicate that UHP treatment likely led to an elevation in the proportions of total extractable metabolites in ginseng samples. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6273588 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62735882018-12-28 Ultrahigh Pressure Processing Produces Alterations in the Metabolite Profiles of Panax ginseng Lee, Mee Youn Singh, Digar Kim, Sung Han Lee, Sang Jun Lee, Choong Hwan Molecules Article Ultrahigh pressure (UHP) treatments are non-thermal processing methods that have customarily been employed to enhance the quality and productivity of plant consumables. We aimed to evaluate the effects of UHP treatments on ginseng samples (white ginseng: WG; UHP-treated WG: UWG; red ginseng: RG; UHP-treated RG: URG; ginseng berries: GB; and UHP-treated GB: UGB) using metabolite profiling based on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-linear trap quadrupole-ion trap-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-IT-MS/MS) and gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS). Multivariate data analyses revealed a clear demarcation among the GB and UGB samples, and the phenotypic evaluations correlated the highest antioxidant activities and the total phenolic and flavonoid compositions with the UGB samples. Overall, eight amino acids, seven organic acids, seven sugars and sugar derivatives, two fatty acids, three notoginsenosides, three malonylginsenosides, and three ginsenosides, were identified as significantly discriminant metabolites between the GB and UGB samples, with relatively higher proportions in the latter. Ideally, these metabolites can be used as quality biomarkers for the assessment of ginseng products and our results indicate that UHP treatment likely led to an elevation in the proportions of total extractable metabolites in ginseng samples. MDPI 2016-06-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6273588/ /pubmed/27338333 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules21060816 Text en © 2016 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lee, Mee Youn Singh, Digar Kim, Sung Han Lee, Sang Jun Lee, Choong Hwan Ultrahigh Pressure Processing Produces Alterations in the Metabolite Profiles of Panax ginseng |
title | Ultrahigh Pressure Processing Produces Alterations in the Metabolite Profiles of Panax ginseng |
title_full | Ultrahigh Pressure Processing Produces Alterations in the Metabolite Profiles of Panax ginseng |
title_fullStr | Ultrahigh Pressure Processing Produces Alterations in the Metabolite Profiles of Panax ginseng |
title_full_unstemmed | Ultrahigh Pressure Processing Produces Alterations in the Metabolite Profiles of Panax ginseng |
title_short | Ultrahigh Pressure Processing Produces Alterations in the Metabolite Profiles of Panax ginseng |
title_sort | ultrahigh pressure processing produces alterations in the metabolite profiles of panax ginseng |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6273588/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27338333 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules21060816 |
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