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Extraction and Quantification of Bioactive Tyrian Purple Precursors: A Comparative and Validation Study from the Hypobranchial Gland of a Muricid Dicathais orbita
Muricidae are marine molluscs known for the production of Tyrian purple and bioactive precursor compounds. A validation study for the extraction and analysis of secondary metabolites found in the hypobranchial gland of the muricid Dicathais orbita is reported, using high performance liquid chromatog...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2016
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6273837/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27929402 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules21121672 |
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author | Valles-Regino, Roselyn Mouatt, Peter Rudd, David Yee, Lachlan H. Benkendorff, Kirsten |
author_facet | Valles-Regino, Roselyn Mouatt, Peter Rudd, David Yee, Lachlan H. Benkendorff, Kirsten |
author_sort | Valles-Regino, Roselyn |
collection | PubMed |
description | Muricidae are marine molluscs known for the production of Tyrian purple and bioactive precursor compounds. A validation study for the extraction and analysis of secondary metabolites found in the hypobranchial gland of the muricid Dicathais orbita is reported, using high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) with diode array detector (DAD). Quantification of the dominant secondary metabolites from D. orbita is described, followed by a comparison of solvent extraction procedures and stability studies. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) for tyrindoxyl sulphate was 0.46% and 0.17%, respectively. The quantification was linear for standards murexine, 6-bromoisatin, and tyrindoxyl sulphate. The limits of detection were 0.03, 0.004, and 0.07 mg/mL, respectively, and the limits of quantification were 0.09, 0.01, and 0.22 mg/mL, respectively. The results showed that alcoholic solvents were better for extracting choline ester and indoxyl sulphate ultimate precursors, while chloroform was more suitable for the extraction of the intermediate precursors. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences in extract composition according to the solvent used. Stability testing showed an increase of the oxidative compounds 6-bromoisatin and putative tyrindoxyl S-oxide sulphate in the ethanol extracts while more degradation products were seen in the chloroform extracts after months of cold storage. The validated method was found to be simple, reproducible, precise, and suitable for quantification of the secondary metabolites of muricid molluscs for dye precursor and nutraceutical quality control, as well as applications in marine chemical ecology. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6273837 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2016 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62738372018-12-28 Extraction and Quantification of Bioactive Tyrian Purple Precursors: A Comparative and Validation Study from the Hypobranchial Gland of a Muricid Dicathais orbita Valles-Regino, Roselyn Mouatt, Peter Rudd, David Yee, Lachlan H. Benkendorff, Kirsten Molecules Article Muricidae are marine molluscs known for the production of Tyrian purple and bioactive precursor compounds. A validation study for the extraction and analysis of secondary metabolites found in the hypobranchial gland of the muricid Dicathais orbita is reported, using high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) with diode array detector (DAD). Quantification of the dominant secondary metabolites from D. orbita is described, followed by a comparison of solvent extraction procedures and stability studies. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) for tyrindoxyl sulphate was 0.46% and 0.17%, respectively. The quantification was linear for standards murexine, 6-bromoisatin, and tyrindoxyl sulphate. The limits of detection were 0.03, 0.004, and 0.07 mg/mL, respectively, and the limits of quantification were 0.09, 0.01, and 0.22 mg/mL, respectively. The results showed that alcoholic solvents were better for extracting choline ester and indoxyl sulphate ultimate precursors, while chloroform was more suitable for the extraction of the intermediate precursors. Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences in extract composition according to the solvent used. Stability testing showed an increase of the oxidative compounds 6-bromoisatin and putative tyrindoxyl S-oxide sulphate in the ethanol extracts while more degradation products were seen in the chloroform extracts after months of cold storage. The validated method was found to be simple, reproducible, precise, and suitable for quantification of the secondary metabolites of muricid molluscs for dye precursor and nutraceutical quality control, as well as applications in marine chemical ecology. MDPI 2016-12-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6273837/ /pubmed/27929402 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules21121672 Text en © 2016 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Valles-Regino, Roselyn Mouatt, Peter Rudd, David Yee, Lachlan H. Benkendorff, Kirsten Extraction and Quantification of Bioactive Tyrian Purple Precursors: A Comparative and Validation Study from the Hypobranchial Gland of a Muricid Dicathais orbita |
title | Extraction and Quantification of Bioactive Tyrian Purple Precursors: A Comparative and Validation Study from the Hypobranchial Gland of a Muricid Dicathais orbita |
title_full | Extraction and Quantification of Bioactive Tyrian Purple Precursors: A Comparative and Validation Study from the Hypobranchial Gland of a Muricid Dicathais orbita |
title_fullStr | Extraction and Quantification of Bioactive Tyrian Purple Precursors: A Comparative and Validation Study from the Hypobranchial Gland of a Muricid Dicathais orbita |
title_full_unstemmed | Extraction and Quantification of Bioactive Tyrian Purple Precursors: A Comparative and Validation Study from the Hypobranchial Gland of a Muricid Dicathais orbita |
title_short | Extraction and Quantification of Bioactive Tyrian Purple Precursors: A Comparative and Validation Study from the Hypobranchial Gland of a Muricid Dicathais orbita |
title_sort | extraction and quantification of bioactive tyrian purple precursors: a comparative and validation study from the hypobranchial gland of a muricid dicathais orbita |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6273837/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27929402 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules21121672 |
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