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Evolution and Expression Characteristics of Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Protein Kinases in Maize, Rice and Arabidopsis
Receptor-like cytoplasmic protein kinases (RLCKs) are involved in various activities in plant growth and development. We have totally identified 162, 160, and 402 RLCK genes in maize, rice, and Arabidopsis genomes, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses divided 724 RLCK genes into 15 subfamilies and si...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6274858/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30469332 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113680 |
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author | Fan, Mingxia Ma, Wenjuan Liu, Chen Zhang, Chunyu Wu, Suwen Chen, Meiming Liu, Kuichen Cai, Fengchun Lin, Feng |
author_facet | Fan, Mingxia Ma, Wenjuan Liu, Chen Zhang, Chunyu Wu, Suwen Chen, Meiming Liu, Kuichen Cai, Fengchun Lin, Feng |
author_sort | Fan, Mingxia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Receptor-like cytoplasmic protein kinases (RLCKs) are involved in various activities in plant growth and development. We have totally identified 162, 160, and 402 RLCK genes in maize, rice, and Arabidopsis genomes, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses divided 724 RLCK genes into 15 subfamilies and similar structural patterns of kinase activity sites and functional sites were observed within the subfamilies. Furthermore, the structural patterns of intron/exon in the same subfamilies were similar, implicating their close evolutionary relationship. Chromosome distribution indicated that segmental duplication of RLCK genes might be a major mechanism contributing to the expansion of the RLCK superfamilies in maize, rice, and Arabidopsis, respectively. The analysis of the synteny relationship and gene structure indicated that the evolution of most RLCKs in maize were prior to rice and Arabidopsis. Most of the ratio of Ka/Ks is inferior to one, suggesting that RLCK genes have experienced the negative selection in maize, rice and Arabidopsis. Duplication time revealed that the maize was the earliest emergence among these three species. The expression profiles showed that there are some specifically expressed RLCK genes in maize root, leaf, ear, and tassel. These specific expression genes may participate in the developmental regulation of these maize tissues. Our results will be useful in providing new insights into evolution of RLCKs and revealing the regulatory network of maize, rice, and Arabidopsis development. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6274858 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62748582018-12-15 Evolution and Expression Characteristics of Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Protein Kinases in Maize, Rice and Arabidopsis Fan, Mingxia Ma, Wenjuan Liu, Chen Zhang, Chunyu Wu, Suwen Chen, Meiming Liu, Kuichen Cai, Fengchun Lin, Feng Int J Mol Sci Article Receptor-like cytoplasmic protein kinases (RLCKs) are involved in various activities in plant growth and development. We have totally identified 162, 160, and 402 RLCK genes in maize, rice, and Arabidopsis genomes, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses divided 724 RLCK genes into 15 subfamilies and similar structural patterns of kinase activity sites and functional sites were observed within the subfamilies. Furthermore, the structural patterns of intron/exon in the same subfamilies were similar, implicating their close evolutionary relationship. Chromosome distribution indicated that segmental duplication of RLCK genes might be a major mechanism contributing to the expansion of the RLCK superfamilies in maize, rice, and Arabidopsis, respectively. The analysis of the synteny relationship and gene structure indicated that the evolution of most RLCKs in maize were prior to rice and Arabidopsis. Most of the ratio of Ka/Ks is inferior to one, suggesting that RLCK genes have experienced the negative selection in maize, rice and Arabidopsis. Duplication time revealed that the maize was the earliest emergence among these three species. The expression profiles showed that there are some specifically expressed RLCK genes in maize root, leaf, ear, and tassel. These specific expression genes may participate in the developmental regulation of these maize tissues. Our results will be useful in providing new insights into evolution of RLCKs and revealing the regulatory network of maize, rice, and Arabidopsis development. MDPI 2018-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6274858/ /pubmed/30469332 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113680 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Fan, Mingxia Ma, Wenjuan Liu, Chen Zhang, Chunyu Wu, Suwen Chen, Meiming Liu, Kuichen Cai, Fengchun Lin, Feng Evolution and Expression Characteristics of Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Protein Kinases in Maize, Rice and Arabidopsis |
title | Evolution and Expression Characteristics of Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Protein Kinases in Maize, Rice and Arabidopsis |
title_full | Evolution and Expression Characteristics of Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Protein Kinases in Maize, Rice and Arabidopsis |
title_fullStr | Evolution and Expression Characteristics of Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Protein Kinases in Maize, Rice and Arabidopsis |
title_full_unstemmed | Evolution and Expression Characteristics of Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Protein Kinases in Maize, Rice and Arabidopsis |
title_short | Evolution and Expression Characteristics of Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Protein Kinases in Maize, Rice and Arabidopsis |
title_sort | evolution and expression characteristics of receptor-like cytoplasmic protein kinases in maize, rice and arabidopsis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6274858/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30469332 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113680 |
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