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Blood‒Brain Barrier Pathology and CNS Outcomes in Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major meningitis-causing pathogen globally, bringing about significant morbidity and mortality, as well as long-term neurological sequelae in almost half of the survivors. Subsequent to nasopharyngeal colonisation and systemic invasion, translocation across the blood‒br...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Yau, Belinda, Hunt, Nicholas H., Mitchell, Andrew J., Too, Lay Khoon
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6275034/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30423890
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113555
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author Yau, Belinda
Hunt, Nicholas H.
Mitchell, Andrew J.
Too, Lay Khoon
author_facet Yau, Belinda
Hunt, Nicholas H.
Mitchell, Andrew J.
Too, Lay Khoon
author_sort Yau, Belinda
collection PubMed
description Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major meningitis-causing pathogen globally, bringing about significant morbidity and mortality, as well as long-term neurological sequelae in almost half of the survivors. Subsequent to nasopharyngeal colonisation and systemic invasion, translocation across the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) by S. pneumoniae is a crucial early step in the pathogenesis of meningitis. The BBB, which normally protects the central nervous system (CNS) from deleterious molecules within the circulation, becomes dysfunctional in S. pneumoniae invasion due to the effects of pneumococcal toxins and a heightened host inflammatory environment of cytokines, chemokines and reactive oxygen species intracranially. The bacteria‒host interplay within the CNS likely determines not only the degree of BBB pathological changes, but also host survival and the extent of neurological damage. This review explores the relationship between S. pneumoniae bacteria and the host inflammatory response, with an emphasis on the BBB and its roles in CNS protection, as well as both the acute and long-term pathogenesis of meningitis.
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spelling pubmed-62750342018-12-15 Blood‒Brain Barrier Pathology and CNS Outcomes in Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis Yau, Belinda Hunt, Nicholas H. Mitchell, Andrew J. Too, Lay Khoon Int J Mol Sci Review Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major meningitis-causing pathogen globally, bringing about significant morbidity and mortality, as well as long-term neurological sequelae in almost half of the survivors. Subsequent to nasopharyngeal colonisation and systemic invasion, translocation across the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) by S. pneumoniae is a crucial early step in the pathogenesis of meningitis. The BBB, which normally protects the central nervous system (CNS) from deleterious molecules within the circulation, becomes dysfunctional in S. pneumoniae invasion due to the effects of pneumococcal toxins and a heightened host inflammatory environment of cytokines, chemokines and reactive oxygen species intracranially. The bacteria‒host interplay within the CNS likely determines not only the degree of BBB pathological changes, but also host survival and the extent of neurological damage. This review explores the relationship between S. pneumoniae bacteria and the host inflammatory response, with an emphasis on the BBB and its roles in CNS protection, as well as both the acute and long-term pathogenesis of meningitis. MDPI 2018-11-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6275034/ /pubmed/30423890 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113555 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Yau, Belinda
Hunt, Nicholas H.
Mitchell, Andrew J.
Too, Lay Khoon
Blood‒Brain Barrier Pathology and CNS Outcomes in Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis
title Blood‒Brain Barrier Pathology and CNS Outcomes in Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis
title_full Blood‒Brain Barrier Pathology and CNS Outcomes in Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis
title_fullStr Blood‒Brain Barrier Pathology and CNS Outcomes in Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis
title_full_unstemmed Blood‒Brain Barrier Pathology and CNS Outcomes in Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis
title_short Blood‒Brain Barrier Pathology and CNS Outcomes in Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis
title_sort blood‒brain barrier pathology and cns outcomes in streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6275034/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30423890
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113555
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