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Inflammatory Measures in Depressed Patients With and Without a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric condition with different subtypes and etiologies. Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE) is an important risk factor for the development of MDD later in life. Evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory processes may convey th...

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Autores principales: de Punder, Karin, Entringer, Sonja, Heim, Christine, Deuter, Christian E., Otte, Christian, Wingenfeld, Katja, Kuehl, Linn K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6277546/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30538644
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00610
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author de Punder, Karin
Entringer, Sonja
Heim, Christine
Deuter, Christian E.
Otte, Christian
Wingenfeld, Katja
Kuehl, Linn K.
author_facet de Punder, Karin
Entringer, Sonja
Heim, Christine
Deuter, Christian E.
Otte, Christian
Wingenfeld, Katja
Kuehl, Linn K.
author_sort de Punder, Karin
collection PubMed
description Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric condition with different subtypes and etiologies. Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE) is an important risk factor for the development of MDD later in life. Evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory processes may convey this risk as both MDD and ACE have been related to increased levels of inflammation. In the present study, we aimed to disentangle the effects of MDD and ACE on inflammation levels. Methods: Markers of inflammation (plasma interleukin(IL)-6 and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations, white blood cell (WBC) count and a composite inflammation score (CIS) combining all three) were assessed in 23 MDD patients with ACE, 23 MDD patients without ACE, 21 healthy participants with ACE, and 21 healthy participants without ACE (mean age: 35 ± 11 (SD) years). None of the patients and participants was taking psychotropic medication. ACE was assessed with the Early Trauma Inventory (ETI) and was defined as moderate to severe exposure to sexual or physical abuse. Results: Group differences in the different inflammatory measures were observed. MDD patients with ACE showed significantly higher IL-6 concentrations (p = 0.018), higher WBC counts (p = 0.003) and increased general inflammation levels as indicated by the CIS (p = 0.003) compared to healthy controls. In contrast, MDD patients without ACE displayed similar inflammation levels to the control group (p = 0.93). Conclusion: We observed elevated inflammation in MDD patients with a history of ACE, which could indicate a subtype of “inflammatory depression”. Accordingly, MDD patients with ACE might potentially benefit from anti-inflammatory therapies.
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spelling pubmed-62775462018-12-11 Inflammatory Measures in Depressed Patients With and Without a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences de Punder, Karin Entringer, Sonja Heim, Christine Deuter, Christian E. Otte, Christian Wingenfeld, Katja Kuehl, Linn K. Front Psychiatry Psychiatry Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric condition with different subtypes and etiologies. Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE) is an important risk factor for the development of MDD later in life. Evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory processes may convey this risk as both MDD and ACE have been related to increased levels of inflammation. In the present study, we aimed to disentangle the effects of MDD and ACE on inflammation levels. Methods: Markers of inflammation (plasma interleukin(IL)-6 and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations, white blood cell (WBC) count and a composite inflammation score (CIS) combining all three) were assessed in 23 MDD patients with ACE, 23 MDD patients without ACE, 21 healthy participants with ACE, and 21 healthy participants without ACE (mean age: 35 ± 11 (SD) years). None of the patients and participants was taking psychotropic medication. ACE was assessed with the Early Trauma Inventory (ETI) and was defined as moderate to severe exposure to sexual or physical abuse. Results: Group differences in the different inflammatory measures were observed. MDD patients with ACE showed significantly higher IL-6 concentrations (p = 0.018), higher WBC counts (p = 0.003) and increased general inflammation levels as indicated by the CIS (p = 0.003) compared to healthy controls. In contrast, MDD patients without ACE displayed similar inflammation levels to the control group (p = 0.93). Conclusion: We observed elevated inflammation in MDD patients with a history of ACE, which could indicate a subtype of “inflammatory depression”. Accordingly, MDD patients with ACE might potentially benefit from anti-inflammatory therapies. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-11-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6277546/ /pubmed/30538644 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00610 Text en Copyright © 2018 de Punder, Entringer, Heim, Deuter, Otte, Wingenfeld and Kuehl. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychiatry
de Punder, Karin
Entringer, Sonja
Heim, Christine
Deuter, Christian E.
Otte, Christian
Wingenfeld, Katja
Kuehl, Linn K.
Inflammatory Measures in Depressed Patients With and Without a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences
title Inflammatory Measures in Depressed Patients With and Without a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences
title_full Inflammatory Measures in Depressed Patients With and Without a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences
title_fullStr Inflammatory Measures in Depressed Patients With and Without a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences
title_full_unstemmed Inflammatory Measures in Depressed Patients With and Without a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences
title_short Inflammatory Measures in Depressed Patients With and Without a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences
title_sort inflammatory measures in depressed patients with and without a history of adverse childhood experiences
topic Psychiatry
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6277546/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30538644
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00610
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