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Tissue Adaptations of Memory and Tissue-Resident Gamma Delta T Cells
Epithelial and mucosal barriers are critical interfaces physically separating the body from the outside environment and are the tissues most exposed to microorganisms and potential inflammatory agents. The integrity of these tissues requires fine tuning of the local immune system to enable the effic...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6277633/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30538697 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02636 |
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author | Khairallah, Camille Chu, Timothy H. Sheridan, Brian S. |
author_facet | Khairallah, Camille Chu, Timothy H. Sheridan, Brian S. |
author_sort | Khairallah, Camille |
collection | PubMed |
description | Epithelial and mucosal barriers are critical interfaces physically separating the body from the outside environment and are the tissues most exposed to microorganisms and potential inflammatory agents. The integrity of these tissues requires fine tuning of the local immune system to enable the efficient elimination of invasive pathogens while simultaneously preserving a beneficial relationship with commensal organisms and preventing autoimmunity. Although they only represent a small fraction of circulating and lymphoid T cells, γδ T cells form a substantial population at barrier sites and even outnumber conventional αβ T cells in some tissues. After their egress from the thymus, several γδ T cell subsets naturally establish residency in predetermined mucosal and epithelial locations, as exemplified by the restricted location of murine Vγ5(+) and Vγ3Vδ1(+) T cell subsets to the intestinal epithelium and epidermis, respectively. Because of their preferential location in barrier sites, γδ T cells are often directly or indirectly influenced by the microbiota or the pathogens that invade these sites. More recently, a growing body of studies have shown that γδ T cells form long-lived memory populations upon local inflammation or bacterial infection, some of which permanently populate the affected tissues after pathogen clearance or resolution of inflammation. Natural and induced resident γδ T cells have been implicated in many beneficial processes such as tissue homeostasis and pathogen control, but their presence may also exacerbate local inflammation under certain circumstances. Further understanding of the biology and role of these unconventional resident T cells in homeostasis and disease may shed light on potentially novel vaccines and therapies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6277633 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62776332018-12-11 Tissue Adaptations of Memory and Tissue-Resident Gamma Delta T Cells Khairallah, Camille Chu, Timothy H. Sheridan, Brian S. Front Immunol Immunology Epithelial and mucosal barriers are critical interfaces physically separating the body from the outside environment and are the tissues most exposed to microorganisms and potential inflammatory agents. The integrity of these tissues requires fine tuning of the local immune system to enable the efficient elimination of invasive pathogens while simultaneously preserving a beneficial relationship with commensal organisms and preventing autoimmunity. Although they only represent a small fraction of circulating and lymphoid T cells, γδ T cells form a substantial population at barrier sites and even outnumber conventional αβ T cells in some tissues. After their egress from the thymus, several γδ T cell subsets naturally establish residency in predetermined mucosal and epithelial locations, as exemplified by the restricted location of murine Vγ5(+) and Vγ3Vδ1(+) T cell subsets to the intestinal epithelium and epidermis, respectively. Because of their preferential location in barrier sites, γδ T cells are often directly or indirectly influenced by the microbiota or the pathogens that invade these sites. More recently, a growing body of studies have shown that γδ T cells form long-lived memory populations upon local inflammation or bacterial infection, some of which permanently populate the affected tissues after pathogen clearance or resolution of inflammation. Natural and induced resident γδ T cells have been implicated in many beneficial processes such as tissue homeostasis and pathogen control, but their presence may also exacerbate local inflammation under certain circumstances. Further understanding of the biology and role of these unconventional resident T cells in homeostasis and disease may shed light on potentially novel vaccines and therapies. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-11-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6277633/ /pubmed/30538697 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02636 Text en Copyright © 2018 Khairallah, Chu and Sheridan. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Khairallah, Camille Chu, Timothy H. Sheridan, Brian S. Tissue Adaptations of Memory and Tissue-Resident Gamma Delta T Cells |
title | Tissue Adaptations of Memory and Tissue-Resident Gamma Delta T Cells |
title_full | Tissue Adaptations of Memory and Tissue-Resident Gamma Delta T Cells |
title_fullStr | Tissue Adaptations of Memory and Tissue-Resident Gamma Delta T Cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Tissue Adaptations of Memory and Tissue-Resident Gamma Delta T Cells |
title_short | Tissue Adaptations of Memory and Tissue-Resident Gamma Delta T Cells |
title_sort | tissue adaptations of memory and tissue-resident gamma delta t cells |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6277633/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30538697 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02636 |
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