Phytochemical and Analytical Characterization of Novel Sulfated Coumarins in the Marine Green Macroalga Dasycladus vermicularis (Scopoli) Krasser

The siphonous green algae form a morphologically diverse group of marine macroalgae which include two sister orders (Bryopsidales and Dasycladales) which share a unique feature among other green algae as they are able to form large, differentiated thalli comprising of a single, giant tubular cell. Upon cell damage a cascade of protective mechanisms have evolved including the extrusion of sulfated metabolites which are involved in the formation of a rapid wound plug. In this study, we investigated the composition of sulfated metabolites in Dasycladus vermicularis (Dasycladales) which resulted in the isolation of two phenolic acids and four coumarins including two novel structures elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) as 5,8′-di-(6(6′),7(7′)-tetrahydroxy-3-sulfoxy-3′-sulfoxycoumarin), a novel coumarin called dasycladin A and 7-hydroxycoumarin-3,6-disulfate, which was named dasycladin B. In addition, an analytical assay for the chromatographic quantification of those compounds was developed and performed on a reversed phase C-18 column. Method validation confirmed that the new assay shows good linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9986), precision (intra-day R.S.D ≤ 3.71%, inter-day R.S.D ≤ 7.49%), and accuracy (recovery rates ranged from 104.06 to 97.45%). The analysis of several samples of Dasycladus vermicularis from different collection sites, water depths and seasons revealed differences in the coumarin contents, ranging between 0.26 to 1.61%.