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A viral race for primacy: co-infection of a natural pair of low and highly pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza viruses in chickens and embryonated chicken eggs

Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection in poultry caused devastating mortality and economic losses. HPAIV of subtypes H5 and H7 emerge from precursor viruses of low pathogenicity (LP) by spontaneous mutation associated with a shift in the susceptibility of the endoproteolytic clea...

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Autores principales: Graaf, Annika, Ulrich, Reiner, Maksimov, Pavlo, Scheibner, David, Koethe, Susanne, Abdelwhab, Elsayed M., Mettenleiter, Thomas C., Beer, Martin, Harder, Timm
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6279742/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30514922
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41426-018-0204-0
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author Graaf, Annika
Ulrich, Reiner
Maksimov, Pavlo
Scheibner, David
Koethe, Susanne
Abdelwhab, Elsayed M.
Mettenleiter, Thomas C.
Beer, Martin
Harder, Timm
author_facet Graaf, Annika
Ulrich, Reiner
Maksimov, Pavlo
Scheibner, David
Koethe, Susanne
Abdelwhab, Elsayed M.
Mettenleiter, Thomas C.
Beer, Martin
Harder, Timm
author_sort Graaf, Annika
collection PubMed
description Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection in poultry caused devastating mortality and economic losses. HPAIV of subtypes H5 and H7 emerge from precursor viruses of low pathogenicity (LP) by spontaneous mutation associated with a shift in the susceptibility of the endoproteolytic cleavage site of the viral hemagglutinin protein from trypsin- to furin-like proteases. A recently described natural pair of LP/HP H7N7 viruses derived from two spatio-temporally linked outbreaks in layer chickens was used to study how a minority of mutated HP virions after de novo generation in a single host might gain primacy. Co-infection experiments in embryonated eggs and in chickens were conducted to investigate amplification, spread and transmissionof HPAIV within a poultry population that experiences concurrent infection by an antigenically identical LP precursor virus. Simultaneous LPAIV co-infection (inoculum dose of 10(6) egg-infectious dose 50% endpoint (EID(50))/0.5 mL) withincreasing titers of HPAIV from 10(1) to 10(5.7) EID(50)/0.5 mL) had a significant impeding impact on HP H7 replication, viral excretion kinetics, clinical signs and histopathological lesions (in vivo) and on embryo mortality (in ovo). LP/HP co-infected chickens required a hundredfold higher virus dose (HPAIV inoculum of 10(5) EID(50)) compared to HPAIV mono-infection (HPAIV inoculum of 10(3) EID(50)) to develop overt clinical signs, mortality and virus spread to uninfected sentinels. Escape and spread of HP phenotypes after de novo generation in an index host may therefore be highly precarious due to significant competition with co-circulating LP precursor virus.
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spelling pubmed-62797422018-12-10 A viral race for primacy: co-infection of a natural pair of low and highly pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza viruses in chickens and embryonated chicken eggs Graaf, Annika Ulrich, Reiner Maksimov, Pavlo Scheibner, David Koethe, Susanne Abdelwhab, Elsayed M. Mettenleiter, Thomas C. Beer, Martin Harder, Timm Emerg Microbes Infect Article Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection in poultry caused devastating mortality and economic losses. HPAIV of subtypes H5 and H7 emerge from precursor viruses of low pathogenicity (LP) by spontaneous mutation associated with a shift in the susceptibility of the endoproteolytic cleavage site of the viral hemagglutinin protein from trypsin- to furin-like proteases. A recently described natural pair of LP/HP H7N7 viruses derived from two spatio-temporally linked outbreaks in layer chickens was used to study how a minority of mutated HP virions after de novo generation in a single host might gain primacy. Co-infection experiments in embryonated eggs and in chickens were conducted to investigate amplification, spread and transmissionof HPAIV within a poultry population that experiences concurrent infection by an antigenically identical LP precursor virus. Simultaneous LPAIV co-infection (inoculum dose of 10(6) egg-infectious dose 50% endpoint (EID(50))/0.5 mL) withincreasing titers of HPAIV from 10(1) to 10(5.7) EID(50)/0.5 mL) had a significant impeding impact on HP H7 replication, viral excretion kinetics, clinical signs and histopathological lesions (in vivo) and on embryo mortality (in ovo). LP/HP co-infected chickens required a hundredfold higher virus dose (HPAIV inoculum of 10(5) EID(50)) compared to HPAIV mono-infection (HPAIV inoculum of 10(3) EID(50)) to develop overt clinical signs, mortality and virus spread to uninfected sentinels. Escape and spread of HP phenotypes after de novo generation in an index host may therefore be highly precarious due to significant competition with co-circulating LP precursor virus. Nature Publishing Group UK 2018-12-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6279742/ /pubmed/30514922 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41426-018-0204-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Graaf, Annika
Ulrich, Reiner
Maksimov, Pavlo
Scheibner, David
Koethe, Susanne
Abdelwhab, Elsayed M.
Mettenleiter, Thomas C.
Beer, Martin
Harder, Timm
A viral race for primacy: co-infection of a natural pair of low and highly pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza viruses in chickens and embryonated chicken eggs
title A viral race for primacy: co-infection of a natural pair of low and highly pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza viruses in chickens and embryonated chicken eggs
title_full A viral race for primacy: co-infection of a natural pair of low and highly pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza viruses in chickens and embryonated chicken eggs
title_fullStr A viral race for primacy: co-infection of a natural pair of low and highly pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza viruses in chickens and embryonated chicken eggs
title_full_unstemmed A viral race for primacy: co-infection of a natural pair of low and highly pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza viruses in chickens and embryonated chicken eggs
title_short A viral race for primacy: co-infection of a natural pair of low and highly pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza viruses in chickens and embryonated chicken eggs
title_sort viral race for primacy: co-infection of a natural pair of low and highly pathogenic h7n7 avian influenza viruses in chickens and embryonated chicken eggs
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6279742/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30514922
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41426-018-0204-0
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