Creation of Hollow Calcite Single Crystals with CQDs: Synthesis, Characterization, and Fast and Efficient Decontamination of Cd(II)

In this work, carbon quantum dots were first prepared through one-pot hydrothermal route of the propyl aldehyde and sodium hydroxide via an aldol condensation reaction, and a novel solid-phase extraction adsorbent of hollow calcite single crystals was prepared via the precipitation of metal nitrates by the CO(2) diffusion method in the presence of CQDs and further applied for excessive Cd(II) ions removal from water. The spectra and morphologies of the etched calcite were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, Scanning electron microscope, and Transmission electron microscopy. The results show that the CQDs etching technique successfully furnish a strategy for manufacturing interface defects onto the calcite crystal. Bath studies were done to evaluate the effects of the major parameters onto Cd(II) adsorption by the etched calcite, such as pH, contact time, and initial Cd(II) concentration. The Cd(II) adsorption onto the new adsorbent could reach a maximum adsorption amount of 66.68 mg/g at 120 min due to the abundant exterior adsorption sites on the adsorbent. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms of Cd(II) on the etched calcite were also investigated. The experimental datum showed that the adsorption kinetics and isotherms of Cd(II) on the etched calcite were well-fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model respectively. The adsorption mechanisms could be primarily explained as the formation of Cd(OH)(2) and Ca(x)Cd(1−x)CO(3) solid solution on the adsorbent surface with the help of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.