Cyberknife Dosimetric Planning Using a Dose-Limiting Shell Method for Brain Metastases

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of optimization in dose-limiting shell method on the dosimetric quality of CyberKnife (CK) plans in treating brain metastases (BMs). METHODS: We selected 19 BMs previously treated using CK between 2014 and 2015. The original CK plans (CK(original)) had been produced using 1 to 3 dose-limiting shells : one at the prescription isodose level (PIDL) for dose conformity and the others at lowisodose levels (10–30% of prescription dose) for dose spillage. In each case, a modified CK plan (CK(modified)) was generated using 5 dose-limiting shells : one at the PIDL, another at intermediate isodose level (50% of prescription dose) for steeper dose fall-off, and the others at low-isodose levels, with an optimized shell-dilation size based on our experience. A Gamma Knife (GK) plan was also produced using the original contour set. Thus, three data sets of dosimetric parameters were generated and compared. RESULTS: There were no differences in the conformity indices among the CK(original), CK(modified), and GK plans (mean 1.22, 1.18, and 1.24, respectively; p=0.079) and tumor coverage (mean 99.5%, 99.5%, and 99.4%, respectively; p=0.177), whereas the CK(modified) plans produced significantly smaller normal tissue volumes receiving 50% of prescription dose than those produced by the CK(original) plans (p<0.001), with no statistical differences in those volumes compared with GK plans (p=0.345). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that significantly steeper dose fall-off is able to be achieved in the CK system by optimizing the shell function while maintaining high conformity of dose to tumor.