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Three-Dimensional Soft-Tissue Evaluation in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate

BACKGROUND: In cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients, the shape of the facial soft tissues shows variety in 3 dimensions (3D). Two-dimensional (2D) photographs and radiographs are insufficient in the examination of these anomalies. The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the soft tissue and...

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Autores principales: Ozdemir, Selin Alpagan, Esenlik, Elçin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: International Scientific Literature, Inc. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6280618/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30484438
http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.912305
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author Ozdemir, Selin Alpagan
Esenlik, Elçin
author_facet Ozdemir, Selin Alpagan
Esenlik, Elçin
author_sort Ozdemir, Selin Alpagan
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: In cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients, the shape of the facial soft tissues shows variety in 3 dimensions (3D). Two-dimensional (2D) photographs and radiographs are insufficient in the examination of these anomalies. The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the soft tissue and craniofacial characteristics of individuals with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), skeletal Class III malocclusions, or skeletal Class I malocclusions using 3D facial imaging. MATERIAL/METHODS: The entire study group consisted of a total of 158 patients, aged 8–32 years: 29 of the patients had UCLP, 22 BCLP, 54 had skeletal Class III malocclusions, and 53 had skeletal Class I malocclusions. 3D stereophotogrammetric soft-tissue recordings of all patients were analyzed. ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were performed to compare the groups. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed among the groups in terms of linear, angular, proportional. and volumetric measurements. While nasal differences were not observed in the Class III group, nose and upper-lip deformities were common in the CLP groups. Upper-lip projection was reduced in all 3 groups. In the Class III patients, the lower lip and chin were more prominent than in the other groups. The facial convexity angle was increased in the CLP and Class III groups. The upper-lip volume was decreased in the BCLP, the UCLP, and the Class III groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with skeletal Class III or CLP anomalies showed significantly different soft-tissue characteristics than the Class I control group. 3D stereophotogrammetric facial imaging is an easy and noninvasive method that can be used in examination and recording of these facial deformities. It is possible to make volumetric measurements using this method.
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spelling pubmed-62806182019-01-16 Three-Dimensional Soft-Tissue Evaluation in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate Ozdemir, Selin Alpagan Esenlik, Elçin Med Sci Monit Clinical Research BACKGROUND: In cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients, the shape of the facial soft tissues shows variety in 3 dimensions (3D). Two-dimensional (2D) photographs and radiographs are insufficient in the examination of these anomalies. The aim of this retrospective study was to examine the soft tissue and craniofacial characteristics of individuals with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), skeletal Class III malocclusions, or skeletal Class I malocclusions using 3D facial imaging. MATERIAL/METHODS: The entire study group consisted of a total of 158 patients, aged 8–32 years: 29 of the patients had UCLP, 22 BCLP, 54 had skeletal Class III malocclusions, and 53 had skeletal Class I malocclusions. 3D stereophotogrammetric soft-tissue recordings of all patients were analyzed. ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were performed to compare the groups. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed among the groups in terms of linear, angular, proportional. and volumetric measurements. While nasal differences were not observed in the Class III group, nose and upper-lip deformities were common in the CLP groups. Upper-lip projection was reduced in all 3 groups. In the Class III patients, the lower lip and chin were more prominent than in the other groups. The facial convexity angle was increased in the CLP and Class III groups. The upper-lip volume was decreased in the BCLP, the UCLP, and the Class III groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with skeletal Class III or CLP anomalies showed significantly different soft-tissue characteristics than the Class I control group. 3D stereophotogrammetric facial imaging is an easy and noninvasive method that can be used in examination and recording of these facial deformities. It is possible to make volumetric measurements using this method. International Scientific Literature, Inc. 2018-11-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6280618/ /pubmed/30484438 http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.912305 Text en © Med Sci Monit, 2018 This work is licensed under Creative Common Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) )
spellingShingle Clinical Research
Ozdemir, Selin Alpagan
Esenlik, Elçin
Three-Dimensional Soft-Tissue Evaluation in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate
title Three-Dimensional Soft-Tissue Evaluation in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate
title_full Three-Dimensional Soft-Tissue Evaluation in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate
title_fullStr Three-Dimensional Soft-Tissue Evaluation in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate
title_full_unstemmed Three-Dimensional Soft-Tissue Evaluation in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate
title_short Three-Dimensional Soft-Tissue Evaluation in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate
title_sort three-dimensional soft-tissue evaluation in patients with cleft lip and palate
topic Clinical Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6280618/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30484438
http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/MSM.912305
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