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Caudal and epidural blocks in infants and small children: historical perspective and ultrasound-guided approaches
In infants and small children, ultrasound (US) guidance provides ample anatomical information to perform neuraxial blocks. We can measure the distance from the skin to the epidural space in the US image and can refer to it during needle insertion. We may also visualize the needle or a catheter durin...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Korean Society of Anesthesiologists
2018
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6283718/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30086609 http://dx.doi.org/10.4097/kja.d.18.00109 |
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author | Kil, Hae Keum |
author_facet | Kil, Hae Keum |
author_sort | Kil, Hae Keum |
collection | PubMed |
description | In infants and small children, ultrasound (US) guidance provides ample anatomical information to perform neuraxial blocks. We can measure the distance from the skin to the epidural space in the US image and can refer to it during needle insertion. We may also visualize the needle or a catheter during real-time US-guided epidural catheterization. In cases where direct needle or catheter visualization is difficult, US allows predicting successful puncture and catheterization using surrogate markers, such as dura mater displacement, epidural space widening due to drug injection, or mass movement of the drug within the caudal space. Although many experienced anesthesiologists still prefer to use conventional techniques, prospective randomized controlled trials using US guidance are providing increasing evidence of its advantages. The use of US-guided regional block will gradually become widespread in infants and children. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6283718 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Korean Society of Anesthesiologists |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-62837182018-12-10 Caudal and epidural blocks in infants and small children: historical perspective and ultrasound-guided approaches Kil, Hae Keum Korean J Anesthesiol Review Article In infants and small children, ultrasound (US) guidance provides ample anatomical information to perform neuraxial blocks. We can measure the distance from the skin to the epidural space in the US image and can refer to it during needle insertion. We may also visualize the needle or a catheter during real-time US-guided epidural catheterization. In cases where direct needle or catheter visualization is difficult, US allows predicting successful puncture and catheterization using surrogate markers, such as dura mater displacement, epidural space widening due to drug injection, or mass movement of the drug within the caudal space. Although many experienced anesthesiologists still prefer to use conventional techniques, prospective randomized controlled trials using US guidance are providing increasing evidence of its advantages. The use of US-guided regional block will gradually become widespread in infants and children. Korean Society of Anesthesiologists 2018-12 2018-08-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6283718/ /pubmed/30086609 http://dx.doi.org/10.4097/kja.d.18.00109 Text en Copyright © The Korean Society of Anesthesiologists, 2018 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Kil, Hae Keum Caudal and epidural blocks in infants and small children: historical perspective and ultrasound-guided approaches |
title | Caudal and epidural blocks in infants and small children: historical perspective and ultrasound-guided approaches |
title_full | Caudal and epidural blocks in infants and small children: historical perspective and ultrasound-guided approaches |
title_fullStr | Caudal and epidural blocks in infants and small children: historical perspective and ultrasound-guided approaches |
title_full_unstemmed | Caudal and epidural blocks in infants and small children: historical perspective and ultrasound-guided approaches |
title_short | Caudal and epidural blocks in infants and small children: historical perspective and ultrasound-guided approaches |
title_sort | caudal and epidural blocks in infants and small children: historical perspective and ultrasound-guided approaches |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6283718/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30086609 http://dx.doi.org/10.4097/kja.d.18.00109 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kilhaekeum caudalandepiduralblocksininfantsandsmallchildrenhistoricalperspectiveandultrasoundguidedapproaches |