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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review of genetics

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide. It encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from isolated hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the key challen...

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Autores principales: Danford, Christopher J., Yao, Zemin, Jiang, Z. Gordon
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Editorial Department of Journal of Biomedical Research 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6283828/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30355853
http://dx.doi.org/10.7555/JBR.32.20180045
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author Danford, Christopher J.
Yao, Zemin
Jiang, Z. Gordon
author_facet Danford, Christopher J.
Yao, Zemin
Jiang, Z. Gordon
author_sort Danford, Christopher J.
collection PubMed
description Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide. It encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from isolated hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the key challenges in NAFLD is identifying which patients will progress. Epidemiological and genetic studies indicate a strong pattern of heritability that may explain some of the variability in NAFLD phenotype and risk of progression. To date, at least three common genetic variants in the PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and GCKR genes have been robustly linked to NAFLD in the population. The function of these genes revealed novel pathways implicated in both the development and progression of NAFLD. In addition, candidate genes previously implicated in NAFLD pathogenesis have also been identified as determinants or modulators of NAFLD phenotype including genes involved in hepatocellular lipid handling, insulin resistance, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. This article will review the current understanding of the genetics underpinning the development of hepatic steatosis and the progression of NASH. These newly acquired insights may transform our strategy to risk-stratify patients with NAFLD and to identify new potential therapeutic targets.
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spelling pubmed-62838282018-12-24 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review of genetics Danford, Christopher J. Yao, Zemin Jiang, Z. Gordon J Biomed Res Review Article Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common cause of chronic liver diseases worldwide. It encompasses a spectrum of disorders ranging from isolated hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the key challenges in NAFLD is identifying which patients will progress. Epidemiological and genetic studies indicate a strong pattern of heritability that may explain some of the variability in NAFLD phenotype and risk of progression. To date, at least three common genetic variants in the PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and GCKR genes have been robustly linked to NAFLD in the population. The function of these genes revealed novel pathways implicated in both the development and progression of NAFLD. In addition, candidate genes previously implicated in NAFLD pathogenesis have also been identified as determinants or modulators of NAFLD phenotype including genes involved in hepatocellular lipid handling, insulin resistance, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. This article will review the current understanding of the genetics underpinning the development of hepatic steatosis and the progression of NASH. These newly acquired insights may transform our strategy to risk-stratify patients with NAFLD and to identify new potential therapeutic targets. Editorial Department of Journal of Biomedical Research 2018-11-20 2018-08-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6283828/ /pubmed/30355853 http://dx.doi.org/10.7555/JBR.32.20180045 Text en /creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon this work, for commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited
spellingShingle Review Article
Danford, Christopher J.
Yao, Zemin
Jiang, Z. Gordon
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review of genetics
title Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review of genetics
title_full Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review of genetics
title_fullStr Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review of genetics
title_full_unstemmed Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review of genetics
title_short Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review of genetics
title_sort non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a narrative review of genetics
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6283828/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30355853
http://dx.doi.org/10.7555/JBR.32.20180045
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