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Phospholipase A(2) in skin biology: new insights from gene-manipulated mice and lipidomics

The skin represents one of the tissues that are most profoundly influenced by alterations in the quality of lipids (lipoquality). Lipids not only constitute cellular membranes, but also serve as bioactive lipid mediators and essential components of the skin barrier. Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) enzym...

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Autores principales: Murakami, Makoto, Yamamoto, Kei, Taketomi, Yoshitaka
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6284315/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30546811
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41232-018-0089-2
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author Murakami, Makoto
Yamamoto, Kei
Taketomi, Yoshitaka
author_facet Murakami, Makoto
Yamamoto, Kei
Taketomi, Yoshitaka
author_sort Murakami, Makoto
collection PubMed
description The skin represents one of the tissues that are most profoundly influenced by alterations in the quality of lipids (lipoquality). Lipids not only constitute cellular membranes, but also serve as bioactive lipid mediators and essential components of the skin barrier. Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) enzymes supply fatty acids and lysophospholipids from membrane phospholipids, thereby variably affecting cutaneous homeostasis. Accordingly, perturbation of particular PLA(2)-driven lipid pathways can be linked to various forms of skin disease. In this review article, we highlight the roles of several PLA(2) subtypes in cutaneous pathophysiology, as revealed by transgenic/knockout studies in combination with comprehensive lipidomics. We focus mainly on secreted PLA(2) group IIF (sPLA(2)-IIF), which is associated with epidermal hyperplasia through mobilization of a unique lipid metabolite. We also address the distinct roles of sPLA(2)-IIE in hair follicles and sPLA(2)-IID in lymphoid immune cells that secondarily affect cutaneous inflammation, and provide some insights into species differences in sPLA(2)s. Additionally, we briefly overview the patatin-like phospholipase PNPLA1, which belongs to the Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) (iPLA(2)) family, as a key regulator of skin barrier function through catalysis of a unique non-PLA(2) reaction. These knowledges on lipid metabolism driven by various PLA(2) subtypes will open novel opportunities for translated studies toward diagnosis and therapy of human skin diseases.
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spelling pubmed-62843152018-12-13 Phospholipase A(2) in skin biology: new insights from gene-manipulated mice and lipidomics Murakami, Makoto Yamamoto, Kei Taketomi, Yoshitaka Inflamm Regen Review The skin represents one of the tissues that are most profoundly influenced by alterations in the quality of lipids (lipoquality). Lipids not only constitute cellular membranes, but also serve as bioactive lipid mediators and essential components of the skin barrier. Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) enzymes supply fatty acids and lysophospholipids from membrane phospholipids, thereby variably affecting cutaneous homeostasis. Accordingly, perturbation of particular PLA(2)-driven lipid pathways can be linked to various forms of skin disease. In this review article, we highlight the roles of several PLA(2) subtypes in cutaneous pathophysiology, as revealed by transgenic/knockout studies in combination with comprehensive lipidomics. We focus mainly on secreted PLA(2) group IIF (sPLA(2)-IIF), which is associated with epidermal hyperplasia through mobilization of a unique lipid metabolite. We also address the distinct roles of sPLA(2)-IIE in hair follicles and sPLA(2)-IID in lymphoid immune cells that secondarily affect cutaneous inflammation, and provide some insights into species differences in sPLA(2)s. Additionally, we briefly overview the patatin-like phospholipase PNPLA1, which belongs to the Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) (iPLA(2)) family, as a key regulator of skin barrier function through catalysis of a unique non-PLA(2) reaction. These knowledges on lipid metabolism driven by various PLA(2) subtypes will open novel opportunities for translated studies toward diagnosis and therapy of human skin diseases. BioMed Central 2018-12-07 /pmc/articles/PMC6284315/ /pubmed/30546811 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41232-018-0089-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Review
Murakami, Makoto
Yamamoto, Kei
Taketomi, Yoshitaka
Phospholipase A(2) in skin biology: new insights from gene-manipulated mice and lipidomics
title Phospholipase A(2) in skin biology: new insights from gene-manipulated mice and lipidomics
title_full Phospholipase A(2) in skin biology: new insights from gene-manipulated mice and lipidomics
title_fullStr Phospholipase A(2) in skin biology: new insights from gene-manipulated mice and lipidomics
title_full_unstemmed Phospholipase A(2) in skin biology: new insights from gene-manipulated mice and lipidomics
title_short Phospholipase A(2) in skin biology: new insights from gene-manipulated mice and lipidomics
title_sort phospholipase a(2) in skin biology: new insights from gene-manipulated mice and lipidomics
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6284315/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30546811
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s41232-018-0089-2
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