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Adipose Tissue T Cells in HIV/SIV Infection

Adipose tissue comprises one of the largest organs in the body and performs diverse functions including energy storage and release, regulation of appetite and other neuroendocrine signaling, and modulation of immuity, among others. Adipocytes reside in a complex compartment where antigen, antigen pr...

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Autores principales: Wanjalla, Celestine N., McDonnell, Wyatt J., Koethe, John R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6286992/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30559739
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02730
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author Wanjalla, Celestine N.
McDonnell, Wyatt J.
Koethe, John R.
author_facet Wanjalla, Celestine N.
McDonnell, Wyatt J.
Koethe, John R.
author_sort Wanjalla, Celestine N.
collection PubMed
description Adipose tissue comprises one of the largest organs in the body and performs diverse functions including energy storage and release, regulation of appetite and other neuroendocrine signaling, and modulation of immuity, among others. Adipocytes reside in a complex compartment where antigen, antigen presenting cells, innate immune cells, and adaptive immune cells interact locally and exert systemic effects on inflammation, circulating immune cell profiles, and metabolic homeostasis. T lymphocytes are a major component of the adipose tissue milieu which are altered in disease states such as obesity and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. While obesity, HIV infection, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV; a non-human primate virus similar to HIV) infection are accompanied by enrichment of CD8(+) T cells in the adipose tissue, major phenotypic differences in CD4(+) T cells and other immune cell populations distinguish HIV/SIV infection from obesity. Furthermore, DNA and RNA species of HIV and SIV can be detected in the stromal vascular fraction of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and replication-competent HIV resides in local CD4(+) T cells. Here, we review studies of adipose tissue CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell populations in HIV and SIV, and contrast the findings with those reported in obesity.
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spelling pubmed-62869922018-12-17 Adipose Tissue T Cells in HIV/SIV Infection Wanjalla, Celestine N. McDonnell, Wyatt J. Koethe, John R. Front Immunol Immunology Adipose tissue comprises one of the largest organs in the body and performs diverse functions including energy storage and release, regulation of appetite and other neuroendocrine signaling, and modulation of immuity, among others. Adipocytes reside in a complex compartment where antigen, antigen presenting cells, innate immune cells, and adaptive immune cells interact locally and exert systemic effects on inflammation, circulating immune cell profiles, and metabolic homeostasis. T lymphocytes are a major component of the adipose tissue milieu which are altered in disease states such as obesity and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. While obesity, HIV infection, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV; a non-human primate virus similar to HIV) infection are accompanied by enrichment of CD8(+) T cells in the adipose tissue, major phenotypic differences in CD4(+) T cells and other immune cell populations distinguish HIV/SIV infection from obesity. Furthermore, DNA and RNA species of HIV and SIV can be detected in the stromal vascular fraction of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and replication-competent HIV resides in local CD4(+) T cells. Here, we review studies of adipose tissue CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell populations in HIV and SIV, and contrast the findings with those reported in obesity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6286992/ /pubmed/30559739 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02730 Text en Copyright © 2018 Wanjalla, McDonnell and Koethe. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Wanjalla, Celestine N.
McDonnell, Wyatt J.
Koethe, John R.
Adipose Tissue T Cells in HIV/SIV Infection
title Adipose Tissue T Cells in HIV/SIV Infection
title_full Adipose Tissue T Cells in HIV/SIV Infection
title_fullStr Adipose Tissue T Cells in HIV/SIV Infection
title_full_unstemmed Adipose Tissue T Cells in HIV/SIV Infection
title_short Adipose Tissue T Cells in HIV/SIV Infection
title_sort adipose tissue t cells in hiv/siv infection
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6286992/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30559739
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02730
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