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Sirtuins and Insulin Resistance

The mammalian Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are an evolutionarily conserved family of NAD(+)-dependent deacylase and mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase. Sirtuins display distinct subcellular localizations and functions and are involved in cell survival, senescence, metabolism and genome stability. Among the mammalian...

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Autores principales: Zhou, Shuang, Tang, Xiaoqiang, Chen, Hou-Zao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6291425/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30574122
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00748
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author Zhou, Shuang
Tang, Xiaoqiang
Chen, Hou-Zao
author_facet Zhou, Shuang
Tang, Xiaoqiang
Chen, Hou-Zao
author_sort Zhou, Shuang
collection PubMed
description The mammalian Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are an evolutionarily conserved family of NAD(+)-dependent deacylase and mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase. Sirtuins display distinct subcellular localizations and functions and are involved in cell survival, senescence, metabolism and genome stability. Among the mammalian Sirtuins, SIRT1 and SIRT6 have been thoroughly investigated and have prominent metabolic regulatory roles. Moreover, SIRT1 and SIRT6 have been implicated in obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. However, the roles of other Sirtuins are not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that these Sirtuins also play important roles in inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and energy metabolism. Insulin resistance is the critical pathological trait of obesity and metabolic syndrome as well as the core defect in T2DM. Accumulating clinical and experimental animal evidence suggests the potential roles of the remaining Sirtuins in the regulation of insulin resistance through diverse biological mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the functions of Sirtuins in various insulin resistance-associated physiological processes, including inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, the insulin signaling pathway, glucose, and lipid metabolism. In addition, we highlight the important gaps that must be addressed in this field.
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spelling pubmed-62914252018-12-20 Sirtuins and Insulin Resistance Zhou, Shuang Tang, Xiaoqiang Chen, Hou-Zao Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Endocrinology The mammalian Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are an evolutionarily conserved family of NAD(+)-dependent deacylase and mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase. Sirtuins display distinct subcellular localizations and functions and are involved in cell survival, senescence, metabolism and genome stability. Among the mammalian Sirtuins, SIRT1 and SIRT6 have been thoroughly investigated and have prominent metabolic regulatory roles. Moreover, SIRT1 and SIRT6 have been implicated in obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. However, the roles of other Sirtuins are not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that these Sirtuins also play important roles in inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and energy metabolism. Insulin resistance is the critical pathological trait of obesity and metabolic syndrome as well as the core defect in T2DM. Accumulating clinical and experimental animal evidence suggests the potential roles of the remaining Sirtuins in the regulation of insulin resistance through diverse biological mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the functions of Sirtuins in various insulin resistance-associated physiological processes, including inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, the insulin signaling pathway, glucose, and lipid metabolism. In addition, we highlight the important gaps that must be addressed in this field. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-12-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6291425/ /pubmed/30574122 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00748 Text en Copyright © 2018 Zhou, Tang and Chen. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Endocrinology
Zhou, Shuang
Tang, Xiaoqiang
Chen, Hou-Zao
Sirtuins and Insulin Resistance
title Sirtuins and Insulin Resistance
title_full Sirtuins and Insulin Resistance
title_fullStr Sirtuins and Insulin Resistance
title_full_unstemmed Sirtuins and Insulin Resistance
title_short Sirtuins and Insulin Resistance
title_sort sirtuins and insulin resistance
topic Endocrinology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6291425/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30574122
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00748
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