Evaluation of genetic diversity in some promising varieties of lentil using karyological characters and protein profiling

Somatic chromosome study from root tip cells using the squash technique of the cytological method and seed protein profile of 5 varieties of Lens culinaris (Lentil) through SDS–PAGE were investigated. Karyotype analysis showed gross uniformity in morphology. Somatic chromosome number 2n = 14 is constant for all the varieties. Chromosomes are mostly long to medium in length with secondary constrictions in one pair of chromosome. Primary constrictions in chromosome ranged from nearly median to nearly submedian in most of the cases. Notwithstanding the gross homogeneity, karyotype analysis revealed minute differences in details. Each lentil variety is thus characterized by its own karyotype, serving as one of the identifying criteria. The seed protein profile revealed that varieties are very close to each other with respect to similarity index that ranged from 0.594 to 0.690. With regard to seed protein banding patterns, slight polymorphism (14.285%) indicating low genetic diversity has been identified among the 5 varieties. A dendrogram indicates one variety is plesiomorphic and rest varieties are apomorphic. All the experimental varieties of lentil studied here show low genetic diversity due to their similar genetic base, indigenous genetic resources and conservative nature of the seed protein.