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Oxidative stress: the lowest common denominator of multiple diseases

Oxygen is essential to the human life and life of all aerobic organisms. The complete oxidation of nutrients for the biological energy supply is one of the most important prerequisites for the formation of higher life forms. However, cells that benefit from oxidative respiration also suffer from rea...

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Autores principales: Matschke, Veronika, Theiss, Carsten, Matschke, Johann
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6301174/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30531003
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.244780
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author Matschke, Veronika
Theiss, Carsten
Matschke, Johann
author_facet Matschke, Veronika
Theiss, Carsten
Matschke, Johann
author_sort Matschke, Veronika
collection PubMed
description Oxygen is essential to the human life and life of all aerobic organisms. The complete oxidation of nutrients for the biological energy supply is one of the most important prerequisites for the formation of higher life forms. However, cells that benefit from oxidative respiration also suffer from reactive oxygen species because they adapted to oxygen as an energy source. Healthy cells balance the formation and elimination of reactive oxygen species thereby creating and keeping reactive oxygen species-homeostasis. When the concentration of free radicals exceeds a critical level and homeostasis is disturbed, oxidative stress occurs leading to damage of multiple cellular molecules and compartments. Therefore, oxidative stress plays an important role in the physiology and pathology of various diseases. Often, the antioxidant protection system becomes pathologically unbalanced in the genesis of several diseases, leading to functional losses of the organism, as in the case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or cells develop metabolic mechanisms to use this system as protection against external influences, such as in the case of glioblastoma cells. Either way, understanding the underlying deregulated mechanisms of the oxidative protection system would allow the development of novel treatment strategies for various diseases. Thus, regardless of the direction in which the reactive oxygen species-homeostasis disequilibrate, the focus should be on the oxidative protection system.
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spelling pubmed-63011742019-02-01 Oxidative stress: the lowest common denominator of multiple diseases Matschke, Veronika Theiss, Carsten Matschke, Johann Neural Regen Res Review Oxygen is essential to the human life and life of all aerobic organisms. The complete oxidation of nutrients for the biological energy supply is one of the most important prerequisites for the formation of higher life forms. However, cells that benefit from oxidative respiration also suffer from reactive oxygen species because they adapted to oxygen as an energy source. Healthy cells balance the formation and elimination of reactive oxygen species thereby creating and keeping reactive oxygen species-homeostasis. When the concentration of free radicals exceeds a critical level and homeostasis is disturbed, oxidative stress occurs leading to damage of multiple cellular molecules and compartments. Therefore, oxidative stress plays an important role in the physiology and pathology of various diseases. Often, the antioxidant protection system becomes pathologically unbalanced in the genesis of several diseases, leading to functional losses of the organism, as in the case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or cells develop metabolic mechanisms to use this system as protection against external influences, such as in the case of glioblastoma cells. Either way, understanding the underlying deregulated mechanisms of the oxidative protection system would allow the development of novel treatment strategies for various diseases. Thus, regardless of the direction in which the reactive oxygen species-homeostasis disequilibrate, the focus should be on the oxidative protection system. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2019-02 /pmc/articles/PMC6301174/ /pubmed/30531003 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.244780 Text en Copyright: © Neural Regeneration Research http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0 This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.
spellingShingle Review
Matschke, Veronika
Theiss, Carsten
Matschke, Johann
Oxidative stress: the lowest common denominator of multiple diseases
title Oxidative stress: the lowest common denominator of multiple diseases
title_full Oxidative stress: the lowest common denominator of multiple diseases
title_fullStr Oxidative stress: the lowest common denominator of multiple diseases
title_full_unstemmed Oxidative stress: the lowest common denominator of multiple diseases
title_short Oxidative stress: the lowest common denominator of multiple diseases
title_sort oxidative stress: the lowest common denominator of multiple diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6301174/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30531003
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1673-5374.244780
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