Heme Oxygenase-1: Clinical Relevance in Ischemic Stroke

Stroke is the second-leading cause of death and a leading cause of serious long-term disability worldwide, with an increasing global burden due to the growing and aging population. However, strict eligibility criteria for current treatment opportunities make novel therapeutic approaches desirable. Oxi-dative stress plays a pivotal role during cerebral ischemia, eventually leading to neuronal injury and cell death. The significant correlation between redox imbalance and ischemic stroke has led to various treat-ment strategies targeting the endogenous antioxidant system in order to ameliorate the adverse prognosis in patients with cerebral infarction. One of the most extensively investigated cellular defense pathway in this regard is the Nrf2-heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis. In this review, our aim is to focus on the poten-tial clinical relevance of targeting the HO-1 pathway in ischemic stroke.