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Environmental cycles regulate development time via circadian clock mediated gating of adult emergence

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have implicated a role for circadian clocks in regulating pre-adult development of organisms. Among them two approaches are most notable: 1) use of insects whose clocks have different free-running periods and 2) imposition of artificial selection on either rate of develo...

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Autores principales: Srivastava, Manishi, James, Anjana, Varma, Vishwanath, Sharma, Vijay Kumar, Sheeba, Vasu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6303858/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30577765
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12861-018-0180-6
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author Srivastava, Manishi
James, Anjana
Varma, Vishwanath
Sharma, Vijay Kumar
Sheeba, Vasu
author_facet Srivastava, Manishi
James, Anjana
Varma, Vishwanath
Sharma, Vijay Kumar
Sheeba, Vasu
author_sort Srivastava, Manishi
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Previous studies have implicated a role for circadian clocks in regulating pre-adult development of organisms. Among them two approaches are most notable: 1) use of insects whose clocks have different free-running periods and 2) imposition of artificial selection on either rate of development, timing of emergence or circadian period in laboratory populations. Using these two approaches, influence of clock on rate of development has been elucidated. However, the contribution of circadian clocks in determining time taken for pre-adult development has remained unclear. Here we present results of our studies aimed to understand this influence by examining populations of fruit flies carrying three different alleles of the period gene and hence having different free-running periods. We tried to achieve similarity of genetic background among the three strains while also ensuring that they harbored sufficient variation on loci other than period gene. RESULTS: We find that under constant conditions, flies with long period have slower development whereas in presence of light-dark cycles (LD) of various lengths, the speed of development for each genotype is influenced by whether their eclosion rhythms can entrain to them. Under LD 12:12 (T24), where all three strains entrain, they do not show any difference in time taken for emergence, whereas under LD 10:10 (T20) where long period flies do not entrain and LD 14:14 (T28) where short period flies do not entrain, they have slower and faster pre-adult development, respectively, compared to the controls. We also show that a prior stage in development namely pupation is not rhythmic though time taken for pupation is determined by both the environmental cycle and period allele. CONCLUSION: We discuss how in presence of daily time cues, interaction of the cyclic environmental factors with the clock determines the position and width of the gate available for a fly to emerge (duration of time within a cycle when adult emergence can occur) resulting in an altered developmental duration from that observed under constant conditions. We also discuss the relevance of genetic background influencing this regulation. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12861-018-0180-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-63038582018-12-31 Environmental cycles regulate development time via circadian clock mediated gating of adult emergence Srivastava, Manishi James, Anjana Varma, Vishwanath Sharma, Vijay Kumar Sheeba, Vasu BMC Dev Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: Previous studies have implicated a role for circadian clocks in regulating pre-adult development of organisms. Among them two approaches are most notable: 1) use of insects whose clocks have different free-running periods and 2) imposition of artificial selection on either rate of development, timing of emergence or circadian period in laboratory populations. Using these two approaches, influence of clock on rate of development has been elucidated. However, the contribution of circadian clocks in determining time taken for pre-adult development has remained unclear. Here we present results of our studies aimed to understand this influence by examining populations of fruit flies carrying three different alleles of the period gene and hence having different free-running periods. We tried to achieve similarity of genetic background among the three strains while also ensuring that they harbored sufficient variation on loci other than period gene. RESULTS: We find that under constant conditions, flies with long period have slower development whereas in presence of light-dark cycles (LD) of various lengths, the speed of development for each genotype is influenced by whether their eclosion rhythms can entrain to them. Under LD 12:12 (T24), where all three strains entrain, they do not show any difference in time taken for emergence, whereas under LD 10:10 (T20) where long period flies do not entrain and LD 14:14 (T28) where short period flies do not entrain, they have slower and faster pre-adult development, respectively, compared to the controls. We also show that a prior stage in development namely pupation is not rhythmic though time taken for pupation is determined by both the environmental cycle and period allele. CONCLUSION: We discuss how in presence of daily time cues, interaction of the cyclic environmental factors with the clock determines the position and width of the gate available for a fly to emerge (duration of time within a cycle when adult emergence can occur) resulting in an altered developmental duration from that observed under constant conditions. We also discuss the relevance of genetic background influencing this regulation. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12861-018-0180-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2018-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6303858/ /pubmed/30577765 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12861-018-0180-6 Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Srivastava, Manishi
James, Anjana
Varma, Vishwanath
Sharma, Vijay Kumar
Sheeba, Vasu
Environmental cycles regulate development time via circadian clock mediated gating of adult emergence
title Environmental cycles regulate development time via circadian clock mediated gating of adult emergence
title_full Environmental cycles regulate development time via circadian clock mediated gating of adult emergence
title_fullStr Environmental cycles regulate development time via circadian clock mediated gating of adult emergence
title_full_unstemmed Environmental cycles regulate development time via circadian clock mediated gating of adult emergence
title_short Environmental cycles regulate development time via circadian clock mediated gating of adult emergence
title_sort environmental cycles regulate development time via circadian clock mediated gating of adult emergence
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6303858/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30577765
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12861-018-0180-6
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