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Genetics and Functional Genomics of Spondyloarthritis

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with high heritability but with complex genetics. It encompasses several entities that share common clinical features. Most of the genetic studies in SpA have been restricted to ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the prototypical form of SpA. Howe...

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Autores principales: Costantino, Félicie, Breban, Maxime, Garchon, Henri-Jean
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6305624/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30619293
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02933
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author Costantino, Félicie
Breban, Maxime
Garchon, Henri-Jean
author_facet Costantino, Félicie
Breban, Maxime
Garchon, Henri-Jean
author_sort Costantino, Félicie
collection PubMed
description Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with high heritability but with complex genetics. It encompasses several entities that share common clinical features. Most of the genetic studies in SpA have been restricted to ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the prototypical form of SpA. However, there is growing evidence of shared genetic background between all the SpA subtypes and also with some other immune-mediated diseases. The most important part of SpA heritability comes from the HLA-B27 allele in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that explains around 25% of the attributable heredity. Several other loci outside of the MHC have been shown to be involved in the disease. However, all these non-MHC loci explain only a small additional fraction of disease predisposition. Thus, a substantial fraction of SpA genetic basis remains poorly understood. Gene expression profiling is a complementary approach to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and pathways that drive the disease. Several expression profiling studies have been undertaken in SpA. However, results have been quite disappointing with little overlap between the studies largely due to the small sample sizes, resulting in limited power to discover small effects. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on genetic findings concerning SpA and we describe strategic approaches for identification of additional variants, with a focus on rare variants in familial forms. We also provide an overview of gene expression studies in SpA and discuss the possibilities offered by high-throughput RNA sequencing technologies, in particular in sorted cells. Finally, issues in establishing molecular mechanisms underlying genetic association hits and potential translational applications will be addressed.
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spelling pubmed-63056242019-01-07 Genetics and Functional Genomics of Spondyloarthritis Costantino, Félicie Breban, Maxime Garchon, Henri-Jean Front Immunol Immunology Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with high heritability but with complex genetics. It encompasses several entities that share common clinical features. Most of the genetic studies in SpA have been restricted to ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the prototypical form of SpA. However, there is growing evidence of shared genetic background between all the SpA subtypes and also with some other immune-mediated diseases. The most important part of SpA heritability comes from the HLA-B27 allele in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that explains around 25% of the attributable heredity. Several other loci outside of the MHC have been shown to be involved in the disease. However, all these non-MHC loci explain only a small additional fraction of disease predisposition. Thus, a substantial fraction of SpA genetic basis remains poorly understood. Gene expression profiling is a complementary approach to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and pathways that drive the disease. Several expression profiling studies have been undertaken in SpA. However, results have been quite disappointing with little overlap between the studies largely due to the small sample sizes, resulting in limited power to discover small effects. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on genetic findings concerning SpA and we describe strategic approaches for identification of additional variants, with a focus on rare variants in familial forms. We also provide an overview of gene expression studies in SpA and discuss the possibilities offered by high-throughput RNA sequencing technologies, in particular in sorted cells. Finally, issues in establishing molecular mechanisms underlying genetic association hits and potential translational applications will be addressed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2018-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6305624/ /pubmed/30619293 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02933 Text en Copyright © 2018 Costantino, Breban and Garchon. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Costantino, Félicie
Breban, Maxime
Garchon, Henri-Jean
Genetics and Functional Genomics of Spondyloarthritis
title Genetics and Functional Genomics of Spondyloarthritis
title_full Genetics and Functional Genomics of Spondyloarthritis
title_fullStr Genetics and Functional Genomics of Spondyloarthritis
title_full_unstemmed Genetics and Functional Genomics of Spondyloarthritis
title_short Genetics and Functional Genomics of Spondyloarthritis
title_sort genetics and functional genomics of spondyloarthritis
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6305624/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30619293
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02933
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