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Heterogeneous distribution of k13 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum in Laos
BACKGROUND: The emergence and transnational spread of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) is a serious threat to malaria elimination in the region and could present a threat to malaria control in Africa. Recently, the Lao Government adopted the goal...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6307170/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30587196 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2625-6 |
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author | Iwagami, Moritoshi Nakatsu, Masami Khattignavong, Phonepadith Soundala, Pheovaly Keomalaphet, Sengdeuane Lorpachan, Lavy Xangsayalath, Phonepadith Matsumoto-Takahashi, Emilie Pommelet, Virginie Hongvanthong, Bouasy Brey, Paul T. Kano, Shigeyuki |
author_facet | Iwagami, Moritoshi Nakatsu, Masami Khattignavong, Phonepadith Soundala, Pheovaly Keomalaphet, Sengdeuane Lorpachan, Lavy Xangsayalath, Phonepadith Matsumoto-Takahashi, Emilie Pommelet, Virginie Hongvanthong, Bouasy Brey, Paul T. Kano, Shigeyuki |
author_sort | Iwagami, Moritoshi |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The emergence and transnational spread of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) is a serious threat to malaria elimination in the region and could present a threat to malaria control in Africa. Recently, the Lao Government adopted the goal of malaria elimination by 2030, for which monitoring of artemisinin-resistant malaria within the country is indispensable. This study’s objectives were to assess the distribution of k13 mutations in Laos. METHODS: Plasmodium falciparum isolates (n = 1151) were collected from five southern provinces in Laos between 2015 and 2016, and three isolates from the northernmost province bordering China in 2017. Polymorphisms of the k13 gene and two flanking regions were analysed to estimate relationship among the isolates. RESULTS: In the five southern provinces, overall 55.5% of the isolates possessed artemisinin-resistant mutations of the k13 gene (C580Y, P574L, R539T, Y493H). The C580Y was the predominant mutation (87.2%). The frequencies of the k13 mutations were heterogeneous in the five southern provinces, but with a clear tendency showing the highest frequency in the south (72.5%) and to a lower degree when moving northward (28.0%). The three isolates from the Lao–Chinese border also possessed the C580Y mutation. Analysis of the flanking loci demonstrated that these three isolates were genetically very close to resistant strains originating from western Cambodia. CONCLUSIONS: Artemisinin resistance was observed to be rapidly increasing and spreading northwards through Laos and has now reached the Chinese border. The Lao and Chinese governments, as well as the international community, should make dedicated efforts to contain the spread of k13 mutations within Laos and in the GMS. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2625-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6307170 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63071702019-01-02 Heterogeneous distribution of k13 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum in Laos Iwagami, Moritoshi Nakatsu, Masami Khattignavong, Phonepadith Soundala, Pheovaly Keomalaphet, Sengdeuane Lorpachan, Lavy Xangsayalath, Phonepadith Matsumoto-Takahashi, Emilie Pommelet, Virginie Hongvanthong, Bouasy Brey, Paul T. Kano, Shigeyuki Malar J Research BACKGROUND: The emergence and transnational spread of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in the Greater Mekong Sub-region (GMS) is a serious threat to malaria elimination in the region and could present a threat to malaria control in Africa. Recently, the Lao Government adopted the goal of malaria elimination by 2030, for which monitoring of artemisinin-resistant malaria within the country is indispensable. This study’s objectives were to assess the distribution of k13 mutations in Laos. METHODS: Plasmodium falciparum isolates (n = 1151) were collected from five southern provinces in Laos between 2015 and 2016, and three isolates from the northernmost province bordering China in 2017. Polymorphisms of the k13 gene and two flanking regions were analysed to estimate relationship among the isolates. RESULTS: In the five southern provinces, overall 55.5% of the isolates possessed artemisinin-resistant mutations of the k13 gene (C580Y, P574L, R539T, Y493H). The C580Y was the predominant mutation (87.2%). The frequencies of the k13 mutations were heterogeneous in the five southern provinces, but with a clear tendency showing the highest frequency in the south (72.5%) and to a lower degree when moving northward (28.0%). The three isolates from the Lao–Chinese border also possessed the C580Y mutation. Analysis of the flanking loci demonstrated that these three isolates were genetically very close to resistant strains originating from western Cambodia. CONCLUSIONS: Artemisinin resistance was observed to be rapidly increasing and spreading northwards through Laos and has now reached the Chinese border. The Lao and Chinese governments, as well as the international community, should make dedicated efforts to contain the spread of k13 mutations within Laos and in the GMS. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2625-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2018-12-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6307170/ /pubmed/30587196 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2625-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Iwagami, Moritoshi Nakatsu, Masami Khattignavong, Phonepadith Soundala, Pheovaly Keomalaphet, Sengdeuane Lorpachan, Lavy Xangsayalath, Phonepadith Matsumoto-Takahashi, Emilie Pommelet, Virginie Hongvanthong, Bouasy Brey, Paul T. Kano, Shigeyuki Heterogeneous distribution of k13 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum in Laos |
title | Heterogeneous distribution of k13 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum in Laos |
title_full | Heterogeneous distribution of k13 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum in Laos |
title_fullStr | Heterogeneous distribution of k13 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum in Laos |
title_full_unstemmed | Heterogeneous distribution of k13 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum in Laos |
title_short | Heterogeneous distribution of k13 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum in Laos |
title_sort | heterogeneous distribution of k13 mutations in plasmodium falciparum in laos |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6307170/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30587196 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2625-6 |
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