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Host-feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes in Iran

BACKGROUND: Different mosquito-borne pathogens are circulating in Iran including Sindbis virus, West Nile virus, filarioid worms and malaria parasites. However, the local transmission cycles of these pathogenic agents are poorly understood, especially because ecological data on vector species are sc...

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Autores principales: Shahhosseini, Nariman, Friedrich, Johannes, Moosa-Kazemi, Seyed Hassan, Sedaghat, Mohammad Mehdi, Kayedi, Mohammad Hassan, Tannich, Egbert, Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas, Lühken, Renke
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6307250/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30587194
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3237-2
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author Shahhosseini, Nariman
Friedrich, Johannes
Moosa-Kazemi, Seyed Hassan
Sedaghat, Mohammad Mehdi
Kayedi, Mohammad Hassan
Tannich, Egbert
Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas
Lühken, Renke
author_facet Shahhosseini, Nariman
Friedrich, Johannes
Moosa-Kazemi, Seyed Hassan
Sedaghat, Mohammad Mehdi
Kayedi, Mohammad Hassan
Tannich, Egbert
Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas
Lühken, Renke
author_sort Shahhosseini, Nariman
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Different mosquito-borne pathogens are circulating in Iran including Sindbis virus, West Nile virus, filarioid worms and malaria parasites. However, the local transmission cycles of these pathogenic agents are poorly understood, especially because ecological data on vector species are scarce and there is limited knowledge about the host range; this understanding could help to direct species-specific vector control measurements or to prioritize research. METHODS: In the summers of 2015 and 2016, blood-fed mosquitoes were collected at 13 trapping sites on the coast of the Caspian Sea in northern Iran and at an additional trapping site in western Iran. Mosquitoes were generally collected with either a Biogents Sentinel trap or a Heavy Duty Encephalitis Vector Survey trap installed outside. A handheld aspirator was used at the trapping site in western Iran, in addition to a few samplings around the other trapping sites. On average, eight trapping periods were conducted per trapping site. The sources of blood meals were identified using a DNA barcoding approach targeting the cytochrome b or 16S rRNA gene fragment. RESULTS: The source of blood meals for 580 blood-fed mosquito specimens of 20 different taxa were determined, resulting in the identification of 13 different host species (9 mammals including humans, 3 birds and 1 reptile), whereby no mixed blood meals were detected. Five mosquito species represented more than 85.8% of all collected blood-fed specimens: Culex pipiens pipiens form pipiens (305 specimens, 55.7% of all mosquito specimens), Cx. theileri (60, 10.9%), Cx. sitiens (51, 9.3%), Cx. perexiguus (29, 5.3%) and Anopheles superpictus (25, 4.6%). The most commonly detected hosts of the four most abundant mosquito species were humans (Homo sapiens; 224 mosquito specimens, 40.9% of all mosquito specimens), cattle (Bos taurus; 171, 31.2%) and ducks (Anas spp.; 75, 13.7%). These four mosquito species had similar host-feeding patterns. The only exceptions were a relatively high proportion of birds for Cx. pipiens pipiens f. pipiens (23.2% of detected blood meal sources) and a high proportion of non-human mammals for Cx. theileri (73.4%). Trapping month, surrounding area, or trapping method had no statistically significant impact on the observed host-feeding patterns of Cx. pipiens pipiens f. pipiens. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the diverse and overlapping host-feeding patterns, several mosquito species must be considered as potential enzootic and bridge vectors for diverse mosquito-borne pathogens in Iran. Most species can potentially transmit pathogens between mammals as well as between mammals and birds, which might be the result of a similar host selection or a high dependence on the host availability. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3237-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-63072502019-01-02 Host-feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes in Iran Shahhosseini, Nariman Friedrich, Johannes Moosa-Kazemi, Seyed Hassan Sedaghat, Mohammad Mehdi Kayedi, Mohammad Hassan Tannich, Egbert Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas Lühken, Renke Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: Different mosquito-borne pathogens are circulating in Iran including Sindbis virus, West Nile virus, filarioid worms and malaria parasites. However, the local transmission cycles of these pathogenic agents are poorly understood, especially because ecological data on vector species are scarce and there is limited knowledge about the host range; this understanding could help to direct species-specific vector control measurements or to prioritize research. METHODS: In the summers of 2015 and 2016, blood-fed mosquitoes were collected at 13 trapping sites on the coast of the Caspian Sea in northern Iran and at an additional trapping site in western Iran. Mosquitoes were generally collected with either a Biogents Sentinel trap or a Heavy Duty Encephalitis Vector Survey trap installed outside. A handheld aspirator was used at the trapping site in western Iran, in addition to a few samplings around the other trapping sites. On average, eight trapping periods were conducted per trapping site. The sources of blood meals were identified using a DNA barcoding approach targeting the cytochrome b or 16S rRNA gene fragment. RESULTS: The source of blood meals for 580 blood-fed mosquito specimens of 20 different taxa were determined, resulting in the identification of 13 different host species (9 mammals including humans, 3 birds and 1 reptile), whereby no mixed blood meals were detected. Five mosquito species represented more than 85.8% of all collected blood-fed specimens: Culex pipiens pipiens form pipiens (305 specimens, 55.7% of all mosquito specimens), Cx. theileri (60, 10.9%), Cx. sitiens (51, 9.3%), Cx. perexiguus (29, 5.3%) and Anopheles superpictus (25, 4.6%). The most commonly detected hosts of the four most abundant mosquito species were humans (Homo sapiens; 224 mosquito specimens, 40.9% of all mosquito specimens), cattle (Bos taurus; 171, 31.2%) and ducks (Anas spp.; 75, 13.7%). These four mosquito species had similar host-feeding patterns. The only exceptions were a relatively high proportion of birds for Cx. pipiens pipiens f. pipiens (23.2% of detected blood meal sources) and a high proportion of non-human mammals for Cx. theileri (73.4%). Trapping month, surrounding area, or trapping method had no statistically significant impact on the observed host-feeding patterns of Cx. pipiens pipiens f. pipiens. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the diverse and overlapping host-feeding patterns, several mosquito species must be considered as potential enzootic and bridge vectors for diverse mosquito-borne pathogens in Iran. Most species can potentially transmit pathogens between mammals as well as between mammals and birds, which might be the result of a similar host selection or a high dependence on the host availability. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3237-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2018-12-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6307250/ /pubmed/30587194 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3237-2 Text en © The Author(s). 2018 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Shahhosseini, Nariman
Friedrich, Johannes
Moosa-Kazemi, Seyed Hassan
Sedaghat, Mohammad Mehdi
Kayedi, Mohammad Hassan
Tannich, Egbert
Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas
Lühken, Renke
Host-feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes in Iran
title Host-feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes in Iran
title_full Host-feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes in Iran
title_fullStr Host-feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes in Iran
title_full_unstemmed Host-feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes in Iran
title_short Host-feeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes in Iran
title_sort host-feeding patterns of culex mosquitoes in iran
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6307250/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30587194
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3237-2
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