Recent trends in the occurrence of bleeding gastric and duodenal ulcers under the Japanese evidence‐based clinical practice guideline for peptic ulcer disease

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage occurs frequently. We reviewed the tendency of occurrence of bleeding gastric and duodenal ulcers and their association with antithrombotic therapy before and after the widespread use of Evidence‐Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Peptic Ulcer 2009 (1st edition), which was published to improve treatment outcomes and prevent peptic ulcers. METHODS: The study enrolled 1105 patients with bleeding gastric and duodenal ulcers treated at our hospital between January 2000 and March 2016. They were divided into the preguideline group (807 patients treated between January 2000 and December 2010) and the postguideline group (298 patients treated between January 2011 and March 2016). The use of medications, severity, the incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection, the presence of any underlying disease, and other factors were compared between the pre‐ and postguideline groups. RESULTS: The number of patients receiving antithrombotic therapy was slightly higher in the postguideline group without a significant difference (P = 0.50). The incidence of H. pylori infection was significantly lower in the postguideline group (P < 0.001). The rate of premedication with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and the rate of severe ulcers were significantly higher in the postguideline group (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The rebleeding rate showed no significant difference, whereas the recurrence rate was significantly higher in the postguideline group (P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: The major cause of hemorrhagic gastroduodenal ulcers seems to be shifting from H. pylori infection to the administration of drugs with gastrointestinal risk. Antithrombotic therapy tends to be associated with severe ulcers but without statistical significance.