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The Search for Environmental Causes of Parkinson’s Disease: Moving Forward
It is widely believed that environmental exposures contribute to the vast majority of late-onset sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD), alone or via interactions with genetic factors. The search for environmental causes of PD has however been hampered by lack of understanding the prodromal phase of PD d...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
IOS Press
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6311360/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30584168 http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JPD-181493 |
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author | Chen, Honglei Ritz, Beate |
author_facet | Chen, Honglei Ritz, Beate |
author_sort | Chen, Honglei |
collection | PubMed |
description | It is widely believed that environmental exposures contribute to the vast majority of late-onset sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD), alone or via interactions with genetic factors. The search for environmental causes of PD has however been hampered by lack of understanding the prodromal phase of PD development and the difficulties in exposure assessment during this prolonged period. On the other hand, the existence of this prodromal period, along with an increasingly better understanding of PD prodromal symptoms, provides an exciting opportunity to identify environmental factors that initiate PD pathogenesis and/or modify its progression. For prevention efforts, this prodromal stage is of a major interest. Targeting factors that enter the body via the nose or gut has become even more important since the discovery of α-synuclein aggregates in the enteric and olfactory nervous systems. In this paper, we speculate about novel research hypotheses and approaches that may help us better define the role of environment in PD etiology, especially during its extended and complex prodromal phase. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6311360 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | IOS Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63113602019-01-02 The Search for Environmental Causes of Parkinson’s Disease: Moving Forward Chen, Honglei Ritz, Beate J Parkinsons Dis Review It is widely believed that environmental exposures contribute to the vast majority of late-onset sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD), alone or via interactions with genetic factors. The search for environmental causes of PD has however been hampered by lack of understanding the prodromal phase of PD development and the difficulties in exposure assessment during this prolonged period. On the other hand, the existence of this prodromal period, along with an increasingly better understanding of PD prodromal symptoms, provides an exciting opportunity to identify environmental factors that initiate PD pathogenesis and/or modify its progression. For prevention efforts, this prodromal stage is of a major interest. Targeting factors that enter the body via the nose or gut has become even more important since the discovery of α-synuclein aggregates in the enteric and olfactory nervous systems. In this paper, we speculate about novel research hypotheses and approaches that may help us better define the role of environment in PD etiology, especially during its extended and complex prodromal phase. IOS Press 2018-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6311360/ /pubmed/30584168 http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JPD-181493 Text en © 2018 – IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Chen, Honglei Ritz, Beate The Search for Environmental Causes of Parkinson’s Disease: Moving Forward |
title | The Search for Environmental Causes of Parkinson’s Disease: Moving Forward |
title_full | The Search for Environmental Causes of Parkinson’s Disease: Moving Forward |
title_fullStr | The Search for Environmental Causes of Parkinson’s Disease: Moving Forward |
title_full_unstemmed | The Search for Environmental Causes of Parkinson’s Disease: Moving Forward |
title_short | The Search for Environmental Causes of Parkinson’s Disease: Moving Forward |
title_sort | search for environmental causes of parkinson’s disease: moving forward |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6311360/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30584168 http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JPD-181493 |
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