The Role of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Evaluating the Rate of Brain Metabolic Variations in Chemical Veterans with Respiratory Problem In Comparison To Control Group

BACKGROUND: During the eight years of the imposed war, Iraq used various chemical agents such as sulfur mustard and nerve agents (mainly tabun and sometimes soman) on Iran’s soldiers. Using information obtained from specialist sequences and analysing information obtained from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) sequence and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides valuable information on continuation of treatment and identifying functional disorders. AIM: The objective of this research was to evaluate the rate of metabolic variations in chemically injured veterans based on chemical neuromarkers using the chemical sequence MRS, which would help patients and physicians in terms of time, economics, and selection of appropriate therapeutic methods, so if the can physician can get complete information about the metabolic properties of the brain through paraclinical (especially MRI) tools before treatment, he might change his treatment program to reduce the complications caused by it. METHODOLOGY: In this research, 40 chemically injured veterans with brain dysfunction admitted to the screening centre for MRI with specialized MRS sequence participated. Accordingly, we examined the rate of brain metabolic variations about the level of neuromarkers and evaluated the relationship between the level of neuromarkers and brain damages. RESULTS: The results of this research revealed that while the demographic characteristics such as age of the two groups of chemically injured veterans and control was similar, only the median of the NAA/Cr (N-acetylaspartate to creatine ratio) ratio in PONS of chemically injured patients was significantly lower than that of the control group, and this ratio was similar in other parts of the brain in two groups. The results also showed that the ratio of NAA to total choline and Cr was similar in all parts of the brain in two groups. CONCLUSION: Based on the research results, using the MR (Magnetic Resonance) spectroscopy device and determination of the value and ratio of markers such as creatinine and N-acetylaspartate and choline, the brain injuries of chemically injured veterans can be examined. By conducting further studies and larger sample size, the brain damages in veterans can be diagnosed early, which would be a great contribution in their treatment.