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Immunotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease: Novel and emerging treatments
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disabling inflammatory process that affects young individuals, with growing incidence. The etiopathogenesis of IBD remains poorly understood. A combination of genetic and environmental factors triggers an inadequate immune response against the commensal...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Taylor & Francis
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6314405/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29624476 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1461297 |
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author | Catalan-Serra, Ignacio Brenna, Øystein |
author_facet | Catalan-Serra, Ignacio Brenna, Øystein |
author_sort | Catalan-Serra, Ignacio |
collection | PubMed |
description | Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disabling inflammatory process that affects young individuals, with growing incidence. The etiopathogenesis of IBD remains poorly understood. A combination of genetic and environmental factors triggers an inadequate immune response against the commensal intestinal flora in IBD patients. Thus, a better understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in IBD pathogenesis is central to the development of new therapeutic options. Current pharmacological treatments used in clinical practice like thiopurines or anti-TNF are effective but can produce significant side effects and their efficacy may diminish over time. In fact, up to one third of the patients do not have a satisfactory response to these therapies. Consequently, the search for new therapeutic strategies targeting alternative immunological pathways has intensified. Several new oral and parenteral substances are in the pipeline for IBD. In this review we discuss novel therapies targeting alternative pro-inflammatory pathways like IL-12/23 axis, IL-6 pathway or Janus Kinase inhibitors; as well as others modulating anti-inflammatory signalling pathways like transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). We also highlight new emerging therapies targeting the adhesion and migration of leukocytes into the inflamed intestinal mucosa by blocking selectively different subunits of α(4)β(7) integrins or binding alternative adhesion molecules like MAdCAM-1. Drugs reducing the circulating lymphocytes by sequestering them in secondary lymphoid organs (sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators) are also discussed. Finally, the latest advances in cell therapies using mesenchymal stem cells or engineered T regs are reviewed. In addition, we provide an update on the current status in clinical trials of these new immune-regulating therapies that open a new era in the treatment of IBD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6314405 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | Taylor & Francis |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63144052019-01-09 Immunotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease: Novel and emerging treatments Catalan-Serra, Ignacio Brenna, Øystein Hum Vaccin Immunother Mini-Review Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disabling inflammatory process that affects young individuals, with growing incidence. The etiopathogenesis of IBD remains poorly understood. A combination of genetic and environmental factors triggers an inadequate immune response against the commensal intestinal flora in IBD patients. Thus, a better understanding of the immunological mechanisms involved in IBD pathogenesis is central to the development of new therapeutic options. Current pharmacological treatments used in clinical practice like thiopurines or anti-TNF are effective but can produce significant side effects and their efficacy may diminish over time. In fact, up to one third of the patients do not have a satisfactory response to these therapies. Consequently, the search for new therapeutic strategies targeting alternative immunological pathways has intensified. Several new oral and parenteral substances are in the pipeline for IBD. In this review we discuss novel therapies targeting alternative pro-inflammatory pathways like IL-12/23 axis, IL-6 pathway or Janus Kinase inhibitors; as well as others modulating anti-inflammatory signalling pathways like transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). We also highlight new emerging therapies targeting the adhesion and migration of leukocytes into the inflamed intestinal mucosa by blocking selectively different subunits of α(4)β(7) integrins or binding alternative adhesion molecules like MAdCAM-1. Drugs reducing the circulating lymphocytes by sequestering them in secondary lymphoid organs (sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators) are also discussed. Finally, the latest advances in cell therapies using mesenchymal stem cells or engineered T regs are reviewed. In addition, we provide an update on the current status in clinical trials of these new immune-regulating therapies that open a new era in the treatment of IBD. Taylor & Francis 2018-05-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6314405/ /pubmed/29624476 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1461297 Text en © 2018 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. |
spellingShingle | Mini-Review Catalan-Serra, Ignacio Brenna, Øystein Immunotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease: Novel and emerging treatments |
title | Immunotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease: Novel and emerging treatments |
title_full | Immunotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease: Novel and emerging treatments |
title_fullStr | Immunotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease: Novel and emerging treatments |
title_full_unstemmed | Immunotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease: Novel and emerging treatments |
title_short | Immunotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease: Novel and emerging treatments |
title_sort | immunotherapy in inflammatory bowel disease: novel and emerging treatments |
topic | Mini-Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6314405/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29624476 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1461297 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT catalanserraignacio immunotherapyininflammatoryboweldiseasenovelandemergingtreatments AT brennaøystein immunotherapyininflammatoryboweldiseasenovelandemergingtreatments |