Investigating interindividual variations in cortical bone quality: analysis of the morphotypes of secondary osteons and their population densities in the human femoral diaphysis

Osteons are the primary sites of cortical bone lesions. However, many aspects of osteon microstructure remain poorly understood. This study aimed to explores interindividual differences in the osteon morphotype distributions in the human femoral diaphysis by evaluating the secondary osteon distributions in samples from human femurs. Two anonymized bone fragments from two modern Japanese femurs were examined. Twelve continuous transverse femoral diaphysis specimens were prepared from each fragment. Imaging examinations were conducted using a circularly polarized light microscope, and cross-sectional images were rendered using graphical synthesis software. Osteons in the images were identified as either bright-type osteons, dark-type osteons, or an others type. The two femurs were compared, and the secondary osteon morphotype distributions in different regions of their cross-sections were analyzed. When the two femurs were compared, significant differences in osteon density were observed in some regions and cross-sections. The dark-type osteon presence was strongest in the anterior and posterior regions of the femurs. The analytical method used in this study was found to be able to evaluate osteon microstructure. The results suggest that examining additional specimens and analyzing the biomechanical underpinnings of interindividual differences in osteon distribution patterns may help to improve our understanding of osteon microstructure.