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Algal Oxylipins Mediate the Resistance of Diatoms against Algicidal Bacteria
Algicidal bacteria can lyse microalgal blooms and trigger shifts within plankton communities. Resistant algal species can escape lysis, and have the opportunity to dominate the phytoplankton after a bacterial infection. Despite their important function in ecosystem regulation, little is known about...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6315584/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30518148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16120486 |
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author | Meyer, Nils Rettner, Johanna Werner, Markus Werz, Oliver Pohnert, Georg |
author_facet | Meyer, Nils Rettner, Johanna Werner, Markus Werz, Oliver Pohnert, Georg |
author_sort | Meyer, Nils |
collection | PubMed |
description | Algicidal bacteria can lyse microalgal blooms and trigger shifts within plankton communities. Resistant algal species can escape lysis, and have the opportunity to dominate the phytoplankton after a bacterial infection. Despite their important function in ecosystem regulation, little is known about mechanisms of resistance. Here, we show that the diatom Chaetoceros didymus releases eicosanoid oxylipins into the medium, and that the lytic algicidal bacterium, Kordia algicida, induces the production of several wound-activated oxylipins in this resistant diatom. Neither releases nor an induction occurs in the susceptible diatom Skeletonema costatum that is lysed by the bacterium within a few days. Among the upregulated oxylipins, hydroxylated eicosapentaenoic acids (HEPEs) dominate. However, also, resolvins, known lipid mediators in mammals, increase upon exposure of the algae to the algicidal bacteria. The prevailing hydroxylated fatty acid, 15-HEPE, significantly inhibits growth of K. algicida at a concentration of approximately 1 µM. The oxylipin production may represent an independent line of defense of the resistant alga, acting in addition to the previously reported upregulation of proteases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6315584 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63155842019-01-10 Algal Oxylipins Mediate the Resistance of Diatoms against Algicidal Bacteria Meyer, Nils Rettner, Johanna Werner, Markus Werz, Oliver Pohnert, Georg Mar Drugs Article Algicidal bacteria can lyse microalgal blooms and trigger shifts within plankton communities. Resistant algal species can escape lysis, and have the opportunity to dominate the phytoplankton after a bacterial infection. Despite their important function in ecosystem regulation, little is known about mechanisms of resistance. Here, we show that the diatom Chaetoceros didymus releases eicosanoid oxylipins into the medium, and that the lytic algicidal bacterium, Kordia algicida, induces the production of several wound-activated oxylipins in this resistant diatom. Neither releases nor an induction occurs in the susceptible diatom Skeletonema costatum that is lysed by the bacterium within a few days. Among the upregulated oxylipins, hydroxylated eicosapentaenoic acids (HEPEs) dominate. However, also, resolvins, known lipid mediators in mammals, increase upon exposure of the algae to the algicidal bacteria. The prevailing hydroxylated fatty acid, 15-HEPE, significantly inhibits growth of K. algicida at a concentration of approximately 1 µM. The oxylipin production may represent an independent line of defense of the resistant alga, acting in addition to the previously reported upregulation of proteases. MDPI 2018-12-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6315584/ /pubmed/30518148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16120486 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Meyer, Nils Rettner, Johanna Werner, Markus Werz, Oliver Pohnert, Georg Algal Oxylipins Mediate the Resistance of Diatoms against Algicidal Bacteria |
title | Algal Oxylipins Mediate the Resistance of Diatoms against Algicidal Bacteria |
title_full | Algal Oxylipins Mediate the Resistance of Diatoms against Algicidal Bacteria |
title_fullStr | Algal Oxylipins Mediate the Resistance of Diatoms against Algicidal Bacteria |
title_full_unstemmed | Algal Oxylipins Mediate the Resistance of Diatoms against Algicidal Bacteria |
title_short | Algal Oxylipins Mediate the Resistance of Diatoms against Algicidal Bacteria |
title_sort | algal oxylipins mediate the resistance of diatoms against algicidal bacteria |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6315584/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30518148 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md16120486 |
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