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Implications of HIV-1 Nef for “Shock and Kill” Strategies to Eliminate Latent Viral Reservoirs
Finding a cure for HIV is challenging because the virus is able to integrate itself into the host cell genome and establish a silent state, called latency, allowing it to evade antiviral drugs and the immune system. Various “shock and kill” strategies are being explored in attempts to eliminate late...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2018
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6316150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30513570 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10120677 |
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author | Kuang, Xiaomei T. Brockman, Mark A. |
author_facet | Kuang, Xiaomei T. Brockman, Mark A. |
author_sort | Kuang, Xiaomei T. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Finding a cure for HIV is challenging because the virus is able to integrate itself into the host cell genome and establish a silent state, called latency, allowing it to evade antiviral drugs and the immune system. Various “shock and kill” strategies are being explored in attempts to eliminate latent HIV reservoirs. The goal of these approaches is to reactivate latent viruses (“shock”), thereby exposing them to clearance by viral cytopathic effects or immune-mediated responses (“kill”). To date, there has been limited clinical success using these methods. In this review, we highlight various functions of the HIV accessory protein Nef and discuss their double-edged effects that may contribute to the limited effectiveness of current “shock and kill” methods to eradicate latent HIV reservoirs in treated individuals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6316150 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2018 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63161502019-01-10 Implications of HIV-1 Nef for “Shock and Kill” Strategies to Eliminate Latent Viral Reservoirs Kuang, Xiaomei T. Brockman, Mark A. Viruses Review Finding a cure for HIV is challenging because the virus is able to integrate itself into the host cell genome and establish a silent state, called latency, allowing it to evade antiviral drugs and the immune system. Various “shock and kill” strategies are being explored in attempts to eliminate latent HIV reservoirs. The goal of these approaches is to reactivate latent viruses (“shock”), thereby exposing them to clearance by viral cytopathic effects or immune-mediated responses (“kill”). To date, there has been limited clinical success using these methods. In this review, we highlight various functions of the HIV accessory protein Nef and discuss their double-edged effects that may contribute to the limited effectiveness of current “shock and kill” methods to eradicate latent HIV reservoirs in treated individuals. MDPI 2018-11-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6316150/ /pubmed/30513570 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10120677 Text en © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kuang, Xiaomei T. Brockman, Mark A. Implications of HIV-1 Nef for “Shock and Kill” Strategies to Eliminate Latent Viral Reservoirs |
title | Implications of HIV-1 Nef for “Shock and Kill” Strategies to Eliminate Latent Viral Reservoirs |
title_full | Implications of HIV-1 Nef for “Shock and Kill” Strategies to Eliminate Latent Viral Reservoirs |
title_fullStr | Implications of HIV-1 Nef for “Shock and Kill” Strategies to Eliminate Latent Viral Reservoirs |
title_full_unstemmed | Implications of HIV-1 Nef for “Shock and Kill” Strategies to Eliminate Latent Viral Reservoirs |
title_short | Implications of HIV-1 Nef for “Shock and Kill” Strategies to Eliminate Latent Viral Reservoirs |
title_sort | implications of hiv-1 nef for “shock and kill” strategies to eliminate latent viral reservoirs |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6316150/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30513570 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10120677 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kuangxiaomeit implicationsofhiv1nefforshockandkillstrategiestoeliminatelatentviralreservoirs AT brockmanmarka implicationsofhiv1nefforshockandkillstrategiestoeliminatelatentviralreservoirs |