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Reporting for Duty: The duty cycle in Functional Electrical Stimulation research. Part I: Critical commentaries of the literature

There are several parameters that can be modulated during electrical stimulation-induced muscle contraction to obtain external work, i.e., Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). The literature has several reports of the relationships of parameters such as frequency, pulse width, amplitude and phys...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Taylor, Matthew J., Fornusek, Ché, Ruys, Andrew J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PAGEPress Publications, Pavia, Italy 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6317136/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30662695
http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2018.7732
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author Taylor, Matthew J.
Fornusek, Ché
Ruys, Andrew J.
author_facet Taylor, Matthew J.
Fornusek, Ché
Ruys, Andrew J.
author_sort Taylor, Matthew J.
collection PubMed
description There are several parameters that can be modulated during electrical stimulation-induced muscle contraction to obtain external work, i.e., Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). The literature has several reports of the relationships of parameters such as frequency, pulse width, amplitude and physiological or biomechanical outcomes (i.e., torque) when these parameters are changed. While these relationships are well-described, lesser known across the literature is how changing the duty cycle (time ON and time OFF) of stimulation affects the outcomes. This review provides an analysis of the literature pertaining to the duty cycle in electrical stimulation experiments. There are two distinct sections of this review – an introduction to the duty cycle and definitions from literature (part I); and contentions from the literature and proposed frameworks upon which duty cycle can be interpreted (part II). It is envisaged that the two reviews will highlight the importance of modulating the duty cycle in terms of muscle fatigue in mimicking physiological activities. The frameworks provided will ideally assist in unifying how researchers consider the duty cycle in electrical stimulation (ES) of muscles.
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spelling pubmed-63171362019-01-18 Reporting for Duty: The duty cycle in Functional Electrical Stimulation research. Part I: Critical commentaries of the literature Taylor, Matthew J. Fornusek, Ché Ruys, Andrew J. Eur J Transl Myol Article There are several parameters that can be modulated during electrical stimulation-induced muscle contraction to obtain external work, i.e., Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES). The literature has several reports of the relationships of parameters such as frequency, pulse width, amplitude and physiological or biomechanical outcomes (i.e., torque) when these parameters are changed. While these relationships are well-described, lesser known across the literature is how changing the duty cycle (time ON and time OFF) of stimulation affects the outcomes. This review provides an analysis of the literature pertaining to the duty cycle in electrical stimulation experiments. There are two distinct sections of this review – an introduction to the duty cycle and definitions from literature (part I); and contentions from the literature and proposed frameworks upon which duty cycle can be interpreted (part II). It is envisaged that the two reviews will highlight the importance of modulating the duty cycle in terms of muscle fatigue in mimicking physiological activities. The frameworks provided will ideally assist in unifying how researchers consider the duty cycle in electrical stimulation (ES) of muscles. PAGEPress Publications, Pavia, Italy 2018-11-07 /pmc/articles/PMC6317136/ /pubmed/30662695 http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2018.7732 Text en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (by-nc 4.0) which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
spellingShingle Article
Taylor, Matthew J.
Fornusek, Ché
Ruys, Andrew J.
Reporting for Duty: The duty cycle in Functional Electrical Stimulation research. Part I: Critical commentaries of the literature
title Reporting for Duty: The duty cycle in Functional Electrical Stimulation research. Part I: Critical commentaries of the literature
title_full Reporting for Duty: The duty cycle in Functional Electrical Stimulation research. Part I: Critical commentaries of the literature
title_fullStr Reporting for Duty: The duty cycle in Functional Electrical Stimulation research. Part I: Critical commentaries of the literature
title_full_unstemmed Reporting for Duty: The duty cycle in Functional Electrical Stimulation research. Part I: Critical commentaries of the literature
title_short Reporting for Duty: The duty cycle in Functional Electrical Stimulation research. Part I: Critical commentaries of the literature
title_sort reporting for duty: the duty cycle in functional electrical stimulation research. part i: critical commentaries of the literature
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6317136/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30662695
http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2018.7732
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