The conformational changes coupling ATP hydrolysis and translocation in a bacterial DnaB helicase

DnaB helicases are motor proteins that couple ATP-hydrolysis to the loading of the protein onto DNA at the replication fork and to translocation along DNA to separate double-stranded DNA into single strands during replication. Using a network of conformational states, arrested by nucleotide mimics, we herein characterize the reaction coordinates for ATP hydrolysis, DNA loading and DNA translocation using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. AMP-PCP is used as pre-hydrolytic, ADP:AlF(4)(−) as transition state, and ADP as post-hydrolytic ATP mimic. (31)P and (13)C NMR spectra reveal conformational and dynamic responses to ATP hydrolysis and the resulting DNA loading and translocation with single amino-acid resolution. This allows us to identify residues guiding the DNA translocation process and to explain the high binding affinities for DNA observed for ADP:AlF(4)(−), which turns out to be optimally preconfigured to bind DNA.