Surface Morphology at the Microscopic Scale, Swelling/Deswelling, and the Magnetic Properties of PNIPAM/CMC and PNIPAM/CMC/Fe(3)O(4) Hydrogels

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels containing carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and CMC/Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles were prepared. Free-radical polymerization with BIS as cross-linker was used to synthesize the hydrogels. The morphology at the microscopic scale of these materials was investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The images show that CMC in the PNIPAM hydrogels induces the formation of a honeycomb structure. This surface morphology was not observed for pure PNIPAM hydrogels prepared under similar conditions. The equilibrium swelling degree of the PNIPAM/CMC hydrogels (5200%) is much larger than that of the pure PNIPAM hydrogels (2500%). The water retention of PNIPAM/CMC hydrogels above the volume phase transition temperature is strongly reduced compared to that of pure PNIPAM hydrogel. Both PNIPAM/Fe(3)O(4) and PNIPAM/CMC/Fe(3)O(4) hydrogels exhibit a superparamagnetic behavior, but the blocking temperature (104 K) of the former is higher than that of the latter (83 K).