Successful treatment of hemoptysis caused by a type 2 endoleak after thoracic endovascular aortic repair

BACKGROUND: Massive hemoptysis is a life-threatening condition and can arise as a complication of conditions. Conversely, hemoptysis rarely occurs as a complication of a ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). CASE PRESENTATION: A 76-year-old male had a history of surgical replacement of the whole aortic arch due to a TAA. Three years after the surgery, severe hemoptysis occurred, which resulted in the patient’s emergency hospitalization at our hospital. The patient was diagnosed with ruptured pseudoaneurysms of the aortic arch. Emergency thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) was performed. . After that, the hemoptysis stopped, and the patient was discharged. Two months later, the hemoptysis reccurred so the patient was re-admitted to our hospital. CT showed a type 2 endoleak from the bronchial artery. The anastomotic pseudoaneurysms remained. As re-rupturing of the anastomotic aneurysms due to a type 2 endoleak was suspected, transcatheter arterial embolization was performed to treat the type 2 endoleak. The patient’s hemoptysis stopped, and he was discharged. One year later, CT showed that the anastomotic pseudoaneurysms had disappeared, and the diameter of the aorta had also reduced. CONCLUSION: We present a case of hemoptysis caused by a type 2 endoleak that occurred after TEVAR for a ruptured TAA. The hemoptysis was secondary to aortobronchial fistulas caused by anastomotic aortic pseudoaneurysms. Transcatheter arterial embolization of the type 2 endoleak was very effective against the hemoptysis, and the pseudoaneurysms also disappeared. No such cases have been reported previously.