Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Appleby Procedure for Pancreatic Acinar Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report

Background: Acinar cell carcinoma is a rare form of pancreatic cancer, accounting for 1–2% of all cases of exocrine pancreatic neoplasms in adults. Due to its rarity, no randomized controlled trials have been performed to determine the optimal treatment options. As such, high-quality case reports and case series are needed to help guide clinicians in the management of this deadly disease. Case Presentation: A 56-year-old Caucasian male presenting with abdominal pain and weight loss was diagnosed with stage III acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreatic body with celiac axis involvement. Although initially deemed unresectable, the patient responded favorably to nine cycles of 5-fluorouracil-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The tumor was successfully resected through distal pancreatectomy with en bloc splenectomy and en bloc celiac artery resection (Appleby procedure). Final pathology analysis showed negative resection margins and complete chemotherapeutic response within the pancreas, with residual tumor cells detected in only a single peripancreatic lymph node. Conclusion: 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy may be a promising option for the neoadjuvant treatment of locally unresectable acinar cell carcinoma. With sufficient expertise, negative surgical resection margins are possible even with vascular involvement. Due to the generally poor prognosis associated with acinar cell carcinoma, such aggressive treatment measures are warranted.