Congenital high airway obstruction with tracheoesophageal fistula: A case report

RATIONALE: Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is defined as complete or partial obstruction of the fetal upper airways. Laryngeal atresia is the most frequent cause. PATIENT CONCERN: A male neonate born with poor reactions, weakly spontaneous breathing and cyanosis of the limbs was referred to our hospital. DIAGNOSIS: CHAOS with tracheoesophageal fistula. INTERVENTION: A tracheostomy was performed and a 3.0-mm internal diameter tracheostomy tube was inserted. OUTCOMES: Neonatal survival depended on our immediate postnatal intervention. LESSONS: In summary, a multidisciplinary team including otolaryngologists, radiologists, obstetricians, and anesthesiologists must be present during the whole diagnosis and treatment process.