Mobile-Based Oral Chemotherapy Adherence–Enhancing Interventions: Scoping Review

BACKGROUND: Adherence to oral chemotherapy is crucial to maximize treatment outcomes and avoid health complications in cancer patients. Mobile phones are widely available worldwide, and evidence that this technology can be successfully employed to increase medication adherence for the treatment of other chronic diseases (eg, diabetes) is well established. However, the extent to which there is evidence that mobile phone–based interventions improve adherence to oral chemotherapy is unknown. OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aims to explore what is known about mobile phone–delivered interventions designed to enhance adherence to oral chemotherapy, to examine the reported findings on the utility of these interventions in increasing oral chemotherapy adherence, and to identify opportunities for development of future interventions. METHODS: This study followed Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review methodological framework. RESULTS: The review search yielded 5 studies reporting on 4 interventions with adults (aged >18 years) diagnosed with diverse cancer types. All interventions were considered acceptable, useful, and feasible. The following themes were evident: text messages and mobile apps were the main methods of delivering these interventions, the 2 most commonly employed oral chemotherapy adherence–enhancing strategies were management and reporting of drug-related symptoms and reminders to take medication, the importance of stakeholders’ engagement in intervention design, and the overall positive perceptions of delivery features. Areas for future research identified by this review include the need for further studies to evaluate the impact of mobile phone–delivered interventions on adherence to oral chemotherapy as well as the relevance for future studies to incorporate design frameworks and economic evaluations and to explore the moderator effect of high anxiety, poor baseline adherence, and longer time taking prescribed drug on adherence to oral chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the increasing body of evidence on the use of mobile phones to deliver medication adherence–enhancing interventions in chronic diseases, literature on the oral chemotherapy context is lacking. This review showed that existing interventions are highly acceptable and useful to cancer patients. The engagement of stakeholders as well as the use of a design framework are important elements in the development of mobile phone–delivered interventions that can be translated into oncology settings.