Vitamin D Deficiency Harms Patients with Coronary Heart Disease by Enhancing Inflammation

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency and local inflammation of plaque are potential new risk factors and prevention goals for coronary heart disease (CHD). MATERIAL/METHODS: This study included 135 CHD patients and 45 chest tightness or chest pain patients (control group). Basic clinical data and serum 25-OH-VD, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β of the 2 groups were compared by SPSS 25.0. A CHD rat model was used to explore the potential molecular mechanisms. RESULTS: The serum 25-OH-VD level in the control group was significantly higher compared to the CHD group, and decreased with the worsening of the CHD condition. Logistic regression found that serum 25-OH-VD was a protective factor in the occurrence of CHD. In CHD patients, the level of serum 25-OH-VD had a negative correlation with serum TNF-α (r=−0.651, P<0.001), IL-6 (r=−0.457, P<0.001), IL-8 (r=−0.755, P<0.001), and IL-1β (r=−0.628, P<0.001). In animal experiments, VD deficiency enhanced the level of serum TC, TG, and LDL-C. VD deficiency could increase the inflammatory response by upregulating the expression of p65 protein and reducing SIRT1 protein expression in heart tissue, thereby inducing or aggravating the state of CHD. CONCLUSIONS: Serum 25-OH-VD was a protective factor in the occurrence of CHD, and VD deficiency could induce or aggravate the state of CHD by enhancing inflammation through the NF-κB pathway.