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Aerobic midgut microbiota of sand fly vectors of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis from northern Iran, a step toward finding potential paratransgenic candidates

BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania parasites and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sand flies. Development of Leishmania to infective metacyclic promastigotes occurs within the sand fly gut where the gut microbiota influences development of the parasite. Paratransg...

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Autores principales: Karimian, Fateh, Vatandoost, Hassan, Rassi, Yavar, Maleki-Ravasan, Naseh, Mohebali, Mehdi, Shirazi, Mohammad Hasan, Koosha, Mona, Choubdar, Nayyereh, Oshaghi, Mohammad Ali
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6322272/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30616668
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3273-y
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author Karimian, Fateh
Vatandoost, Hassan
Rassi, Yavar
Maleki-Ravasan, Naseh
Mohebali, Mehdi
Shirazi, Mohammad Hasan
Koosha, Mona
Choubdar, Nayyereh
Oshaghi, Mohammad Ali
author_facet Karimian, Fateh
Vatandoost, Hassan
Rassi, Yavar
Maleki-Ravasan, Naseh
Mohebali, Mehdi
Shirazi, Mohammad Hasan
Koosha, Mona
Choubdar, Nayyereh
Oshaghi, Mohammad Ali
author_sort Karimian, Fateh
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania parasites and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sand flies. Development of Leishmania to infective metacyclic promastigotes occurs within the sand fly gut where the gut microbiota influences development of the parasite. Paratransgenesis is a new control method in which symbiotic bacteria are isolated, transformed and reintroduced into the gut through their diet to express anti-parasitic molecules. In the present study, the midgut microbiota of three sand fly species from a steppe and a mountainous region of northern Iran, where zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is endemic, was investigated. METHODS: Briefly, adult female sand flies was collected during summer 2015 and, after dissection, the bacterial composition of the guts were analyzed using a culture-dependent method. Bacterial DNA from purified colonies was extracted to amplify the 16S rRNA gene which was then sequenced. RESULTS: Three ZVL sand fly vectors including Phlebotomus major, P. kandelakii and P. halepensis were found in the highlighted regions. In total, 39 distinct aerobic bacterial species were found in the sand fly midguts. The sand fly microbiota was dominated by Proteobacteria (56.4%) and Firmicutes (43.6%). Bacterial richness was significantly higher in the steppe region than in the mountainous region (32 vs 7 species). Phlebotomus kandelakii, the most important ZVL vector in the study area, had the highest bacterial richness among the three species. Bacillus subtilis and Pantoea agglomerans were isolated from the guts of the sand flies; these are already used for the paratransgenesis of sand flies and mosquitoes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The existence of B. subtilis and P. agglomerans in the ZVL vectors and other sand fly species studied so far suggests that these two bacterial species are potential candidates for paratransgenic approach to prevent ZVL transmission. Further research needs to test the possible relationship between the gut microbiome richness and the vector competence of the ZVL vectors.
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spelling pubmed-63222722019-01-09 Aerobic midgut microbiota of sand fly vectors of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis from northern Iran, a step toward finding potential paratransgenic candidates Karimian, Fateh Vatandoost, Hassan Rassi, Yavar Maleki-Ravasan, Naseh Mohebali, Mehdi Shirazi, Mohammad Hasan Koosha, Mona Choubdar, Nayyereh Oshaghi, Mohammad Ali Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania parasites and is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sand flies. Development of Leishmania to infective metacyclic promastigotes occurs within the sand fly gut where the gut microbiota influences development of the parasite. Paratransgenesis is a new control method in which symbiotic bacteria are isolated, transformed and reintroduced into the gut through their diet to express anti-parasitic molecules. In the present study, the midgut microbiota of three sand fly species from a steppe and a mountainous region of northern Iran, where zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is endemic, was investigated. METHODS: Briefly, adult female sand flies was collected during summer 2015 and, after dissection, the bacterial composition of the guts were analyzed using a culture-dependent method. Bacterial DNA from purified colonies was extracted to amplify the 16S rRNA gene which was then sequenced. RESULTS: Three ZVL sand fly vectors including Phlebotomus major, P. kandelakii and P. halepensis were found in the highlighted regions. In total, 39 distinct aerobic bacterial species were found in the sand fly midguts. The sand fly microbiota was dominated by Proteobacteria (56.4%) and Firmicutes (43.6%). Bacterial richness was significantly higher in the steppe region than in the mountainous region (32 vs 7 species). Phlebotomus kandelakii, the most important ZVL vector in the study area, had the highest bacterial richness among the three species. Bacillus subtilis and Pantoea agglomerans were isolated from the guts of the sand flies; these are already used for the paratransgenesis of sand flies and mosquitoes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The existence of B. subtilis and P. agglomerans in the ZVL vectors and other sand fly species studied so far suggests that these two bacterial species are potential candidates for paratransgenic approach to prevent ZVL transmission. Further research needs to test the possible relationship between the gut microbiome richness and the vector competence of the ZVL vectors. BioMed Central 2019-01-07 /pmc/articles/PMC6322272/ /pubmed/30616668 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3273-y Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Karimian, Fateh
Vatandoost, Hassan
Rassi, Yavar
Maleki-Ravasan, Naseh
Mohebali, Mehdi
Shirazi, Mohammad Hasan
Koosha, Mona
Choubdar, Nayyereh
Oshaghi, Mohammad Ali
Aerobic midgut microbiota of sand fly vectors of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis from northern Iran, a step toward finding potential paratransgenic candidates
title Aerobic midgut microbiota of sand fly vectors of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis from northern Iran, a step toward finding potential paratransgenic candidates
title_full Aerobic midgut microbiota of sand fly vectors of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis from northern Iran, a step toward finding potential paratransgenic candidates
title_fullStr Aerobic midgut microbiota of sand fly vectors of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis from northern Iran, a step toward finding potential paratransgenic candidates
title_full_unstemmed Aerobic midgut microbiota of sand fly vectors of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis from northern Iran, a step toward finding potential paratransgenic candidates
title_short Aerobic midgut microbiota of sand fly vectors of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis from northern Iran, a step toward finding potential paratransgenic candidates
title_sort aerobic midgut microbiota of sand fly vectors of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis from northern iran, a step toward finding potential paratransgenic candidates
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6322272/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30616668
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3273-y
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