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Leprosy survey among rural communities and wild armadillos from Amazonas state, Northern Brazil
There is evidence that in southern US, leprosy is a zoonosis infecting wild Dasypus novemcinctus armadillos but the extent of this finding is unknown. This ecological study investigated leprosy in rural communities and in wild armadillos from the Brazilian Amazon. The study area was the Mamiá Lake o...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6328080/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30629624 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209491 |
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author | Stefani, Mariane Martins Araújo Rosa, Patricia Sammarco Costa, Mauricio Barcelos Schetinni, Antônio Pedro Mendes Manhães, Igor Pontes, Maria Araci Andrade Costa, Patricia Fachin, Luciana Raquel Vincenzi Batista, Ida Maria Foschiani Dias Virmond, Marcos Pereira, Emília Penna, Maria Lucia Fernandes Penna, Gerson Oliveira |
author_facet | Stefani, Mariane Martins Araújo Rosa, Patricia Sammarco Costa, Mauricio Barcelos Schetinni, Antônio Pedro Mendes Manhães, Igor Pontes, Maria Araci Andrade Costa, Patricia Fachin, Luciana Raquel Vincenzi Batista, Ida Maria Foschiani Dias Virmond, Marcos Pereira, Emília Penna, Maria Lucia Fernandes Penna, Gerson Oliveira |
author_sort | Stefani, Mariane Martins Araújo |
collection | PubMed |
description | There is evidence that in southern US, leprosy is a zoonosis infecting wild Dasypus novemcinctus armadillos but the extent of this finding is unknown. This ecological study investigated leprosy in rural communities and in wild armadillos from the Brazilian Amazon. The study area was the Mamiá Lake of Coari municipality, Amazonas State, Northern region, a hyper endemic leprosy area where residents live on subsistence farming, fishing and armadillo hunting and its meat intake are frequent. The leprosy survey was conducted in sixteen communities by a visiting team of specialists. Local partakers provided wild armadillos to investigate M. leprae infection. Volunteers had complete dermato-neurological examination by a dermatologist with expertise in leprosy diagnosis, suspect skin lesions were biopsied for histopathology (Hematoxylin-eosin/HE, Fite-Faraco/FF staining); slit skin smears were collected. Armadillos’ tissue fragments (skins, spleens, livers, lymph nodes, adrenal glands, others) were prepared for histopathology (HE/FF) and for M. leprae repetitive element-RLEP-qPCR. Among 176 volunteers, six new indeterminate leprosy cases were identified (incidence = 3.4%). Suspect skin sections and slit skin smears were negative for bacilli. Twelve wild D. novemcinctus were investigated (48 specimens/96 slides) and histopathological features of M. leprae infection were not found, except for one skin presenting unspecific inflammatory infiltrate suggestive of indeterminate leprosy. Possible traumatic neuroma, granuloma with epithelioid and Langhans cells, foreign-body granuloma were also identified. Granulomatous/non-granulomatous dermatitides were periodic-acid-Schiff/PAS negative for fungus. M. leprae-RLEP-qPCR was negative in all armadillos’ tissues; no bacillus was found in histopathology. Our survey in rural communities confirmed the high endemicity for leprosy while one armadillo was compatible with paucibacillary M. leprae infection. At least in the highly endemic rural area of Coari, in the Brazilian Amazon region where infectious sources from untreated multibacillary leprosy are abundant, M. leprae infected armadillos may not represent a major source of infection nor a significant public health concern. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6328080 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63280802019-02-01 Leprosy survey among rural communities and wild armadillos from Amazonas state, Northern Brazil Stefani, Mariane Martins Araújo Rosa, Patricia Sammarco Costa, Mauricio Barcelos Schetinni, Antônio Pedro Mendes Manhães, Igor Pontes, Maria Araci Andrade Costa, Patricia Fachin, Luciana Raquel Vincenzi Batista, Ida Maria Foschiani Dias Virmond, Marcos Pereira, Emília Penna, Maria Lucia Fernandes Penna, Gerson Oliveira PLoS One Research Article There is evidence that in southern US, leprosy is a zoonosis infecting wild Dasypus novemcinctus armadillos but the extent of this finding is unknown. This ecological study investigated leprosy in rural communities and in wild armadillos from the Brazilian Amazon. The study area was the Mamiá Lake of Coari municipality, Amazonas State, Northern region, a hyper endemic leprosy area where residents live on subsistence farming, fishing and armadillo hunting and its meat intake are frequent. The leprosy survey was conducted in sixteen communities by a visiting team of specialists. Local partakers provided wild armadillos to investigate M. leprae infection. Volunteers had complete dermato-neurological examination by a dermatologist with expertise in leprosy diagnosis, suspect skin lesions were biopsied for histopathology (Hematoxylin-eosin/HE, Fite-Faraco/FF staining); slit skin smears were collected. Armadillos’ tissue fragments (skins, spleens, livers, lymph nodes, adrenal glands, others) were prepared for histopathology (HE/FF) and for M. leprae repetitive element-RLEP-qPCR. Among 176 volunteers, six new indeterminate leprosy cases were identified (incidence = 3.4%). Suspect skin sections and slit skin smears were negative for bacilli. Twelve wild D. novemcinctus were investigated (48 specimens/96 slides) and histopathological features of M. leprae infection were not found, except for one skin presenting unspecific inflammatory infiltrate suggestive of indeterminate leprosy. Possible traumatic neuroma, granuloma with epithelioid and Langhans cells, foreign-body granuloma were also identified. Granulomatous/non-granulomatous dermatitides were periodic-acid-Schiff/PAS negative for fungus. M. leprae-RLEP-qPCR was negative in all armadillos’ tissues; no bacillus was found in histopathology. Our survey in rural communities confirmed the high endemicity for leprosy while one armadillo was compatible with paucibacillary M. leprae infection. At least in the highly endemic rural area of Coari, in the Brazilian Amazon region where infectious sources from untreated multibacillary leprosy are abundant, M. leprae infected armadillos may not represent a major source of infection nor a significant public health concern. Public Library of Science 2019-01-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6328080/ /pubmed/30629624 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209491 Text en © 2019 Stefani et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Stefani, Mariane Martins Araújo Rosa, Patricia Sammarco Costa, Mauricio Barcelos Schetinni, Antônio Pedro Mendes Manhães, Igor Pontes, Maria Araci Andrade Costa, Patricia Fachin, Luciana Raquel Vincenzi Batista, Ida Maria Foschiani Dias Virmond, Marcos Pereira, Emília Penna, Maria Lucia Fernandes Penna, Gerson Oliveira Leprosy survey among rural communities and wild armadillos from Amazonas state, Northern Brazil |
title | Leprosy survey among rural communities and wild armadillos from Amazonas state, Northern Brazil |
title_full | Leprosy survey among rural communities and wild armadillos from Amazonas state, Northern Brazil |
title_fullStr | Leprosy survey among rural communities and wild armadillos from Amazonas state, Northern Brazil |
title_full_unstemmed | Leprosy survey among rural communities and wild armadillos from Amazonas state, Northern Brazil |
title_short | Leprosy survey among rural communities and wild armadillos from Amazonas state, Northern Brazil |
title_sort | leprosy survey among rural communities and wild armadillos from amazonas state, northern brazil |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6328080/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30629624 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209491 |
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