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Cracking the Code: The Impact of Orthographic Transparency and Morphological-Syllabic Complexity on Reading and Developmental Dyslexia

Reading is an essential skill in modern societies, yet not all learners necessarily become proficient readers. Theoretical concepts (e.g., the orthographic depth hypothesis; the grain size theory) as well as empirical evidence suggest that certain orthographies are easier to learn than others. The p...

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Autores principales: Borleffs, Elisabeth, Maassen, Ben A. M., Lyytinen, Heikki, Zwarts, Frans
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6328448/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30662416
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02534
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author Borleffs, Elisabeth
Maassen, Ben A. M.
Lyytinen, Heikki
Zwarts, Frans
author_facet Borleffs, Elisabeth
Maassen, Ben A. M.
Lyytinen, Heikki
Zwarts, Frans
author_sort Borleffs, Elisabeth
collection PubMed
description Reading is an essential skill in modern societies, yet not all learners necessarily become proficient readers. Theoretical concepts (e.g., the orthographic depth hypothesis; the grain size theory) as well as empirical evidence suggest that certain orthographies are easier to learn than others. The present paper reviews the literature on orthographic transparency, morphological complexity, and syllabic complexity of alphabetic languages. These notions are elaborated to show that differences in reading acquisition reflect fundamental differences in the nature of the phonological recoding and reading strategies developing in response to the specific orthography to be learned. The present paper provides a narrative, cross-linguistic and integrated literature review, thereby contributing to the development of universal reading models and at the same time pointing out the important differences between orthographies at the more detailed level. Our review also yields suggestions to devise language-specific instruction and interventions for the development of the specific reading strategies required by the characteristics of the orthography being acquired.
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spelling pubmed-63284482019-01-18 Cracking the Code: The Impact of Orthographic Transparency and Morphological-Syllabic Complexity on Reading and Developmental Dyslexia Borleffs, Elisabeth Maassen, Ben A. M. Lyytinen, Heikki Zwarts, Frans Front Psychol Psychology Reading is an essential skill in modern societies, yet not all learners necessarily become proficient readers. Theoretical concepts (e.g., the orthographic depth hypothesis; the grain size theory) as well as empirical evidence suggest that certain orthographies are easier to learn than others. The present paper reviews the literature on orthographic transparency, morphological complexity, and syllabic complexity of alphabetic languages. These notions are elaborated to show that differences in reading acquisition reflect fundamental differences in the nature of the phonological recoding and reading strategies developing in response to the specific orthography to be learned. The present paper provides a narrative, cross-linguistic and integrated literature review, thereby contributing to the development of universal reading models and at the same time pointing out the important differences between orthographies at the more detailed level. Our review also yields suggestions to devise language-specific instruction and interventions for the development of the specific reading strategies required by the characteristics of the orthography being acquired. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6328448/ /pubmed/30662416 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02534 Text en Copyright © 2019 Borleffs, Maassen, Lyytinen and Zwarts. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Borleffs, Elisabeth
Maassen, Ben A. M.
Lyytinen, Heikki
Zwarts, Frans
Cracking the Code: The Impact of Orthographic Transparency and Morphological-Syllabic Complexity on Reading and Developmental Dyslexia
title Cracking the Code: The Impact of Orthographic Transparency and Morphological-Syllabic Complexity on Reading and Developmental Dyslexia
title_full Cracking the Code: The Impact of Orthographic Transparency and Morphological-Syllabic Complexity on Reading and Developmental Dyslexia
title_fullStr Cracking the Code: The Impact of Orthographic Transparency and Morphological-Syllabic Complexity on Reading and Developmental Dyslexia
title_full_unstemmed Cracking the Code: The Impact of Orthographic Transparency and Morphological-Syllabic Complexity on Reading and Developmental Dyslexia
title_short Cracking the Code: The Impact of Orthographic Transparency and Morphological-Syllabic Complexity on Reading and Developmental Dyslexia
title_sort cracking the code: the impact of orthographic transparency and morphological-syllabic complexity on reading and developmental dyslexia
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6328448/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30662416
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02534
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