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Bright Dots and Smart Optical Microscopy to Probe Intracellular Events in Single Cells

Probing intracellular events is a key step in developing new biomedical methodologies. Optical microscopy has been one of the best options to observe biological samples at single cell and sub-cellular resolutions. Morphological changes are readily detectable in brightfield images. When stained with...

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Autores principales: Fujita, Hideaki, Zhong, Chongxia, Arai, Satoshi, Suzuki, Madoka
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6328461/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30662896
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2018.00204
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author Fujita, Hideaki
Zhong, Chongxia
Arai, Satoshi
Suzuki, Madoka
author_facet Fujita, Hideaki
Zhong, Chongxia
Arai, Satoshi
Suzuki, Madoka
author_sort Fujita, Hideaki
collection PubMed
description Probing intracellular events is a key step in developing new biomedical methodologies. Optical microscopy has been one of the best options to observe biological samples at single cell and sub-cellular resolutions. Morphological changes are readily detectable in brightfield images. When stained with fluorescent molecules, distributions of intracellular organelles, and biological molecules are made visible using fluorescence microscopes. In addition to these morphological views of cells, optical microscopy can reveal the chemical and physical status of defined intracellular spaces. This review begins with a brief overview of genetically encoded fluorescent probes and small fluorescent chemical dyes. Although these are the most common approaches, probing is also made possible by using tiny materials that are incorporated into cells. When these tiny materials emit enough photons, it is possible to draw conclusions about the environment in which the tiny material resides. Recent advances in these tiny but sufficiently bright fluorescent materials are nextly reviewed to show their applications in tracking target molecules and in temperature imaging of intracellular spots. The last section of this review addresses purely optical methods for reading intracellular status without staining with probes. These non-labeling methods are especially essential when biospecimens are thereafter required for in vivo uses, such as in regenerative medicine.
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spelling pubmed-63284612019-01-18 Bright Dots and Smart Optical Microscopy to Probe Intracellular Events in Single Cells Fujita, Hideaki Zhong, Chongxia Arai, Satoshi Suzuki, Madoka Front Bioeng Biotechnol Bioengineering and Biotechnology Probing intracellular events is a key step in developing new biomedical methodologies. Optical microscopy has been one of the best options to observe biological samples at single cell and sub-cellular resolutions. Morphological changes are readily detectable in brightfield images. When stained with fluorescent molecules, distributions of intracellular organelles, and biological molecules are made visible using fluorescence microscopes. In addition to these morphological views of cells, optical microscopy can reveal the chemical and physical status of defined intracellular spaces. This review begins with a brief overview of genetically encoded fluorescent probes and small fluorescent chemical dyes. Although these are the most common approaches, probing is also made possible by using tiny materials that are incorporated into cells. When these tiny materials emit enough photons, it is possible to draw conclusions about the environment in which the tiny material resides. Recent advances in these tiny but sufficiently bright fluorescent materials are nextly reviewed to show their applications in tracking target molecules and in temperature imaging of intracellular spots. The last section of this review addresses purely optical methods for reading intracellular status without staining with probes. These non-labeling methods are especially essential when biospecimens are thereafter required for in vivo uses, such as in regenerative medicine. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6328461/ /pubmed/30662896 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2018.00204 Text en Copyright © 2019 Fujita, Zhong, Arai and Suzuki. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Fujita, Hideaki
Zhong, Chongxia
Arai, Satoshi
Suzuki, Madoka
Bright Dots and Smart Optical Microscopy to Probe Intracellular Events in Single Cells
title Bright Dots and Smart Optical Microscopy to Probe Intracellular Events in Single Cells
title_full Bright Dots and Smart Optical Microscopy to Probe Intracellular Events in Single Cells
title_fullStr Bright Dots and Smart Optical Microscopy to Probe Intracellular Events in Single Cells
title_full_unstemmed Bright Dots and Smart Optical Microscopy to Probe Intracellular Events in Single Cells
title_short Bright Dots and Smart Optical Microscopy to Probe Intracellular Events in Single Cells
title_sort bright dots and smart optical microscopy to probe intracellular events in single cells
topic Bioengineering and Biotechnology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6328461/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30662896
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2018.00204
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