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The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA fibers associated with histones, enzymes from neutrophil granules and anti-microbial peptides. NETs are released in a process denominated NETosis, which involves sequential steps that culminate with the DNA extrusion. NETosis has been described as a new...

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Autores principales: Díaz-Godínez, César, Carrero, Julio C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Portland Press Ltd. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6328873/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30498092
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20180916
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author Díaz-Godínez, César
Carrero, Julio C.
author_facet Díaz-Godínez, César
Carrero, Julio C.
author_sort Díaz-Godínez, César
collection PubMed
description Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA fibers associated with histones, enzymes from neutrophil granules and anti-microbial peptides. NETs are released in a process denominated NETosis, which involves sequential steps that culminate with the DNA extrusion. NETosis has been described as a new mechanism of innate immunity related to defense against different pathogens. The initial studies of NETs were carried out with bacteria and fungi, but currently a large variety of microorganisms capable of inducing NETs have been described including protozoan and helminth parasites. Nevertheless, we have little knowledge about how NETosis process is carried out in response to the parasites, and about its implication in the resolution of this kind of disease. In the best case, the NETs entrap and kill parasites in vitro, but in others, immobilize the parasites without affecting their viability. Moreover, insufficient studies on the NETs in animal models of infections that would help to define their role, and the association of NETs with chronic inflammatory pathologies such as those occurring in several parasitic infections have left open the possibility of NETs contributing to pathology instead of protection. In this review, we focus on the reported mechanisms that lead to NET release by protozoan and helminth parasites and the evidence that support the role of NETosis in the resolution or pathogenesis of parasitic diseases.
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spelling pubmed-63288732019-01-18 The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections Díaz-Godínez, César Carrero, Julio C. Biosci Rep Review Articles Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA fibers associated with histones, enzymes from neutrophil granules and anti-microbial peptides. NETs are released in a process denominated NETosis, which involves sequential steps that culminate with the DNA extrusion. NETosis has been described as a new mechanism of innate immunity related to defense against different pathogens. The initial studies of NETs were carried out with bacteria and fungi, but currently a large variety of microorganisms capable of inducing NETs have been described including protozoan and helminth parasites. Nevertheless, we have little knowledge about how NETosis process is carried out in response to the parasites, and about its implication in the resolution of this kind of disease. In the best case, the NETs entrap and kill parasites in vitro, but in others, immobilize the parasites without affecting their viability. Moreover, insufficient studies on the NETs in animal models of infections that would help to define their role, and the association of NETs with chronic inflammatory pathologies such as those occurring in several parasitic infections have left open the possibility of NETs contributing to pathology instead of protection. In this review, we focus on the reported mechanisms that lead to NET release by protozoan and helminth parasites and the evidence that support the role of NETosis in the resolution or pathogenesis of parasitic diseases. Portland Press Ltd. 2019-01-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6328873/ /pubmed/30498092 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20180916 Text en © 2019 The Author(s). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review Articles
Díaz-Godínez, César
Carrero, Julio C.
The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections
title The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections
title_full The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections
title_fullStr The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections
title_full_unstemmed The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections
title_short The state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections
title_sort state of art of neutrophil extracellular traps in protozoan and helminthic infections
topic Review Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6328873/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30498092
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BSR20180916
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