Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Complicated Retrievable Inferior Vena Cava Filter for Deep Venous Thrombosis Patients: Safety and Effectiveness

BACKGROUND: Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters have proven valuable for the prevention of pulmonary embolism. However, retrieval of IVC filters can be challenging and complicated techniques are needed. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review the outcomes after retrieval of retrievable IVC filters which required complicated retrieval techniques. MATERIAL/METHODS: This study was a single-center retrospective observational study. All patients who underwent complicated IVC filter retrieval from September 2012 to May 2016 were included. Patient demographics and filter retrieval procedure were documented. Clinical outcomes and procedure-related complications were evaluated. Villalta score and VEINES-QOL/Sym were recorded to assess post-thrombotic syndrome. RESULTS: A total of 79 consecutive patients, 37 males and 42 were female, with a mean age of 46.5 years (age range: 22–65 years) were included in this study. IVC filters, with mean indwell time of 108 days (range: 74–157 days), were refractory to standard treatment and underwent complicated IVC filter retrieval. There were 6 serious procedure-related complications: 4 popliteal puncture area hematoma complications and 2 hematuria complications. With a mean follow-up of 20.5 months (range: 18–24 months), no pulmonary embolisms occurred, and 2 patients experienced recurrent deep venous thrombosis. Twenty-seven patients developed post-thrombotic syndrome within the first 2 years after IVC retrieval. CONCLUSIONS: Complicated methods can be used to safely remove IVC filters, alleviate filter-related morbidity, and reduce risk for post-thrombotic syndrome. The application of these techniques was safe and effective for patients with refractory IVC filters.