Is early appendectomy in adults diagnosed with acute appendicitis mandatory? A prospective study

INTRODUCTION: Prompt appendectomy has long been the standard of care for acute appendicitis in order to prevent complications such as perforation, abscess formation, and diffuse purulent or fecal peritonitis, all resulting in increased morbidity and even mortality. Our study was designed to examine whether the time from the beginning of symptoms to operation correlates with the pathological degree of appendicitis, incidence of postoperative complications, or increased length of hospital stay. METHODS: A prospective study of 171 patients who underwent emergent appendectomy for acute appendicitis in the course of 2 years was conducted in a single tertiary medical center. The following parameters were monitored and correlated: demographics, time from the onset of symptoms until the arrival to the emergency department (patient interval (PI)), time from arrival to the emergency department (ED) until appendectomy (hospital interval (HI)), time from the onset of symptoms until appendectomy (total interval (TI)), physical examination, preoperative physical findings, laboratory data, pathologic findings, complications, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The degree of pathology and complications were analyzed according to the time intervals. The time elapsed from the onset of symptoms to surgery was associated with higher pathology grade (p = 0.01). We found that longer time from the onset of symptoms to hospital arrival correlates with higher pathology grade (p = 0.04), while there was no correlation between the hospital interval and pathology grade (p = 0.68). A significant correlation was found between the pathology grade and the incidence of postoperative complications as well as with increased length of hospital stay (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Time elapsed from the symptom onset to appendectomy correlates with increased pathology grade and complication rate. This correlation was not related to the HI. Since the HI in our study was short, we recommend an early appendectomy in adults in order to shorten the TI and the resulting complications.