Window of Implantation is Significantly Displaced in Patients with Adenomyosis with Previous Implantation Failure as Determined by Endometrial Receptivity Assay

BACKGROUND: Adenomyosis is associated with implantation failure and poor reproductive performance in IVF/ICSI cycles. AIMS: To compare if window of implantation (WOI) is displaced in patients having adenomyosis compared to controls using endometrial receptivity array (ERA) test. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Retrospective Case control study. 374 patients with previous one or more IVF failures who underwent ERA test between 2013-2016 at our centre were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups; Group A-36 patients with adenomyosis (study group) and Group B- 338 patients without adenomyosis (controls). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Normality assumptions for continuous variables were tested using Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Mean values of two groups were compared using Student's t-independent test. Frequency data by categories were compared using Chi-square/Fisher's exact test. Risk ratio and 95% confidence limits were calculated. P < 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. RESULTS: WOI was displaced (Non Receptive ERA) significantly in adenomyosis 47.2% (17/36) compared to controls 21.6% (73/338) (P < 0.001, CI-8.7%-42.5%) making risk ratio of displaced WOI in adenomyosis versus controls to be 2:1. The incidence of RIF was 66.6% in adenomyosis compared to 34.9% in controls (P < 0.001, CI- 15.5%-47.9%). Pregnancy rate after personalized embryo transfer in adenomyosis group was 62.5%, signifying displaced WOI as a cause of implantation failure in adenomyosis patients with previous implantation failure. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests it is prudent to evaluate Endometrial receptivity before embryo transfer in patients with adenomyosis to avoid wastage of good embryos.