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Understanding Rapid Adjustments to Diverse Forcing Agents

Rapid adjustments are responses to forcing agents that cause a perturbation to the top of atmosphere energy budget but are uncoupled to changes in surface warming. Different mechanisms are responsible for these adjustments for a variety of climate drivers. These remain to be quantified in detail. It...

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Autores principales: Smith, C. J., Kramer, R. J., Myhre, G., Forster, P. M., Soden, B. J., Andrews, T., Boucher, O., Faluvegi, G., Fläschner, D., Hodnebrog, Ø., Kasoar, M., Kharin, V., Kirkevåg, A., Lamarque, J.‐F., Mülmenstädt, J., Olivié, D., Richardson, T., Samset, B. H., Shindell, D., Stier, P., Takemura, T., Voulgarakis, A., Watson‐Parris, D.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6334512/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30686845
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079826
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author Smith, C. J.
Kramer, R. J.
Myhre, G.
Forster, P. M.
Soden, B. J.
Andrews, T.
Boucher, O.
Faluvegi, G.
Fläschner, D.
Hodnebrog, Ø.
Kasoar, M.
Kharin, V.
Kirkevåg, A.
Lamarque, J.‐F.
Mülmenstädt, J.
Olivié, D.
Richardson, T.
Samset, B. H.
Shindell, D.
Stier, P.
Takemura, T.
Voulgarakis, A.
Watson‐Parris, D.
author_facet Smith, C. J.
Kramer, R. J.
Myhre, G.
Forster, P. M.
Soden, B. J.
Andrews, T.
Boucher, O.
Faluvegi, G.
Fläschner, D.
Hodnebrog, Ø.
Kasoar, M.
Kharin, V.
Kirkevåg, A.
Lamarque, J.‐F.
Mülmenstädt, J.
Olivié, D.
Richardson, T.
Samset, B. H.
Shindell, D.
Stier, P.
Takemura, T.
Voulgarakis, A.
Watson‐Parris, D.
author_sort Smith, C. J.
collection PubMed
description Rapid adjustments are responses to forcing agents that cause a perturbation to the top of atmosphere energy budget but are uncoupled to changes in surface warming. Different mechanisms are responsible for these adjustments for a variety of climate drivers. These remain to be quantified in detail. It is shown that rapid adjustments reduce the effective radiative forcing (ERF) of black carbon by half of the instantaneous forcing, but for CO(2) forcing, rapid adjustments increase ERF. Competing tropospheric adjustments for CO(2) forcing are individually significant but sum to zero, such that the ERF equals the stratospherically adjusted radiative forcing, but this is not true for other forcing agents. Additional experiments of increase in the solar constant and increase in CH(4) are used to show that a key factor of the rapid adjustment for an individual climate driver is changes in temperature in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.
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spelling pubmed-63345122019-01-23 Understanding Rapid Adjustments to Diverse Forcing Agents Smith, C. J. Kramer, R. J. Myhre, G. Forster, P. M. Soden, B. J. Andrews, T. Boucher, O. Faluvegi, G. Fläschner, D. Hodnebrog, Ø. Kasoar, M. Kharin, V. Kirkevåg, A. Lamarque, J.‐F. Mülmenstädt, J. Olivié, D. Richardson, T. Samset, B. H. Shindell, D. Stier, P. Takemura, T. Voulgarakis, A. Watson‐Parris, D. Geophys Res Lett Research Letters Rapid adjustments are responses to forcing agents that cause a perturbation to the top of atmosphere energy budget but are uncoupled to changes in surface warming. Different mechanisms are responsible for these adjustments for a variety of climate drivers. These remain to be quantified in detail. It is shown that rapid adjustments reduce the effective radiative forcing (ERF) of black carbon by half of the instantaneous forcing, but for CO(2) forcing, rapid adjustments increase ERF. Competing tropospheric adjustments for CO(2) forcing are individually significant but sum to zero, such that the ERF equals the stratospherically adjusted radiative forcing, but this is not true for other forcing agents. Additional experiments of increase in the solar constant and increase in CH(4) are used to show that a key factor of the rapid adjustment for an individual climate driver is changes in temperature in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2018-11-08 2018-11-16 /pmc/articles/PMC6334512/ /pubmed/30686845 http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079826 Text en ©2018. The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Letters
Smith, C. J.
Kramer, R. J.
Myhre, G.
Forster, P. M.
Soden, B. J.
Andrews, T.
Boucher, O.
Faluvegi, G.
Fläschner, D.
Hodnebrog, Ø.
Kasoar, M.
Kharin, V.
Kirkevåg, A.
Lamarque, J.‐F.
Mülmenstädt, J.
Olivié, D.
Richardson, T.
Samset, B. H.
Shindell, D.
Stier, P.
Takemura, T.
Voulgarakis, A.
Watson‐Parris, D.
Understanding Rapid Adjustments to Diverse Forcing Agents
title Understanding Rapid Adjustments to Diverse Forcing Agents
title_full Understanding Rapid Adjustments to Diverse Forcing Agents
title_fullStr Understanding Rapid Adjustments to Diverse Forcing Agents
title_full_unstemmed Understanding Rapid Adjustments to Diverse Forcing Agents
title_short Understanding Rapid Adjustments to Diverse Forcing Agents
title_sort understanding rapid adjustments to diverse forcing agents
topic Research Letters
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6334512/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30686845
http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079826
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