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Genetic analysis identifies the missing parchment of New Zealand’s founding document, the Treaty of Waitangi
Genetic analyses provide a powerful tool with which to identify the biological components of historical objects. Te Tiriti o Waitangi | The Treaty of Waitangi is New Zealand’s founding document, intended to be a partnership between the indigenous Māori and the British Crown. Here we focus on an arch...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6334937/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30650155 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210528 |
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author | Shepherd, Lara D. Whitehead, Peter Whitehead, Anna |
author_facet | Shepherd, Lara D. Whitehead, Peter Whitehead, Anna |
author_sort | Shepherd, Lara D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Genetic analyses provide a powerful tool with which to identify the biological components of historical objects. Te Tiriti o Waitangi | The Treaty of Waitangi is New Zealand’s founding document, intended to be a partnership between the indigenous Māori and the British Crown. Here we focus on an archived piece of blank parchment that has been proposed to be the missing portion of the lower parchment of the Waitangi Sheet of the Treaty. However, its physical dimensions and characteristics are not consistent with this hypothesis. We perform genetic analyses on the parchment membranes of the Treaty, plus the blank piece of parchment. We find that all three parchments were made from ewes and that the blank parchment is highly likely to be a portion cut from the lower membrane of the Waitangi Sheet because they share identical whole mitochondrial genomes, including an unusual heteroplasmic site. We suggest that the differences in size and characteristics between the two pieces of parchment may have resulted from the Treaty’s exposure to water in the early 20(th) century and the subsequent repair work, light exposure during exhibition or the later conservation treatments in the 1970s and 80s. The blank piece of parchment will be valuable for comparison tests to study the effects of earlier treatments and to monitor the effects of long-term display on the Treaty. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6334937 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-63349372019-01-31 Genetic analysis identifies the missing parchment of New Zealand’s founding document, the Treaty of Waitangi Shepherd, Lara D. Whitehead, Peter Whitehead, Anna PLoS One Research Article Genetic analyses provide a powerful tool with which to identify the biological components of historical objects. Te Tiriti o Waitangi | The Treaty of Waitangi is New Zealand’s founding document, intended to be a partnership between the indigenous Māori and the British Crown. Here we focus on an archived piece of blank parchment that has been proposed to be the missing portion of the lower parchment of the Waitangi Sheet of the Treaty. However, its physical dimensions and characteristics are not consistent with this hypothesis. We perform genetic analyses on the parchment membranes of the Treaty, plus the blank piece of parchment. We find that all three parchments were made from ewes and that the blank parchment is highly likely to be a portion cut from the lower membrane of the Waitangi Sheet because they share identical whole mitochondrial genomes, including an unusual heteroplasmic site. We suggest that the differences in size and characteristics between the two pieces of parchment may have resulted from the Treaty’s exposure to water in the early 20(th) century and the subsequent repair work, light exposure during exhibition or the later conservation treatments in the 1970s and 80s. The blank piece of parchment will be valuable for comparison tests to study the effects of earlier treatments and to monitor the effects of long-term display on the Treaty. Public Library of Science 2019-01-16 /pmc/articles/PMC6334937/ /pubmed/30650155 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210528 Text en © 2019 Shepherd et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Shepherd, Lara D. Whitehead, Peter Whitehead, Anna Genetic analysis identifies the missing parchment of New Zealand’s founding document, the Treaty of Waitangi |
title | Genetic analysis identifies the missing parchment of New Zealand’s founding document, the Treaty of Waitangi |
title_full | Genetic analysis identifies the missing parchment of New Zealand’s founding document, the Treaty of Waitangi |
title_fullStr | Genetic analysis identifies the missing parchment of New Zealand’s founding document, the Treaty of Waitangi |
title_full_unstemmed | Genetic analysis identifies the missing parchment of New Zealand’s founding document, the Treaty of Waitangi |
title_short | Genetic analysis identifies the missing parchment of New Zealand’s founding document, the Treaty of Waitangi |
title_sort | genetic analysis identifies the missing parchment of new zealand’s founding document, the treaty of waitangi |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6334937/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30650155 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210528 |
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